Hamlet

Hamlet is a tragedy by William Shakespeare. Set in the Kingdom of Denmark, the play dramatizes the revenge Prince Hamlet exacts on his uncle Claudius for murdering King Hamlet, Claudius's brother and Prince Hamlet's father, and then succeeding to the throne and taking as his wife Gertrude, the old king's widow and Prince Hamlet's mother. The play vividly portrays both true and feigned madness—from overwhelming grief to seething rage—and explores themes of treachery, revenge, incest, and moral corruption. The play opens on a cold winter night at Elsinore, the Danish royal castle. The sentries try to persuade Hamlet's friend Horatio that they have seen King Hamlet's ghost, when it appears again. Hearing the news, Hamlet resolves to see the Ghost himself. That night, the Ghost appears to Hamlet and tells him that Claudius murdered him by pouring poison in his ears. The Ghost demands that Hamlet avenge him; Hamlet agrees and decides to feign madness to avert suspicion. He is, however, uncertain of the Ghost's reliability.
Ghosts are a common element in revenge tragedy so it's not terribly surprising that the specter shows up in the play. What is surprising is that this ghost isn't as straightforward as it seems.
The ghost claims to be Hamlet's father. The ghost also says that he was murdered by his brother, who happens to be Hamlet's uncle Claudius, the guy who's now married to Gertrude and sitting on the throne of Denmark;

Ghost or supernatural plays an important role in the plays written during Renaissance or Elizabethan age. The presentation of ghost, witches, portents, omens, uncommon happenings, disturbances in nature was quite and common phenomenon on the Elizabethan stage. According to Moulton;
“Supernatural agency has a place in the world of Shakespeare”.

In “HAMLET” the supernatural appears in the form of the ghost. In the first act, five hundred and fifty lines out of the eight hundred and fifty lines are concerned with the ghost. Therefore, it may be said that if remove it, the play falls to pieces. The ghost in
“Hamlet” has at least a three fold dramatic significance.(1)It contributes to the general tragic atmosphere of the play;(2)it motives the entire action of the play; (3) it shows up the character and drives home a certain moral effect.

First, in this play, Shekespeare has introduced the supernatural element in order to create an atmosphere of mystery, horror and suspense .It diffuses an atmosphere of awe through which tragedy becomes more impressive. The appearance of the ghost in “Hamlet” chills our blood with horror, or to be more correct with terror.Horatio does not believe
In ghost but the appearance “horror him with fear and wonder”. Hamlet himself comes to believe I some calamity or evil about to be face when he says:

“My father’s spirit in arm! All is not well,
I doubt some foul play”,

Secondly, the ghost motives the entire action of the play. Without the ghost’s initial revelation of truth to Hamlet, there would be no occasion for revenge; in other words no tragedy of “Hamlet”. The main theme of the play is revenge. The motive force of this revenge theme is provided by the ghost when it says:
“Let me not the royal bed of Denmark be,
A couch for luxury and demond incest”.

Thirdly, the presence of ghost in “Hamlet” has a moral significance also. The play shows that we cannot conceal the truth for a long time.It must appear and “Murder speaks with most miraculous organ”. The ghost,we feel, is a representative of that hidden and ultimate power rules in the universe,it is a messenger of the divine justice. Hamlet says:
“Foul deeds will rise
Though all earth o’er whelm them, to men’s eye”.
About the nature of the ghost, there exist a controversy; some critics are of the view that the ghost is a subjective phenomenon______ a hallucination springing from imagination. Other believe that it is an objective phenomenon.

In the beginning, Hamlet, Marcellus, Bernardo and Horatio see the ghost .They not only see it but also address it. In this sense, the ghost is objective and has a real existence. If it were a product of Hamlet’s fancy, other people could not have seen it and heard it simultaneously. But in closet scene, Hamlet sees the ghost and talks to it: the Queen is unconscious of the presence of the ghost and can not hear it speak. I n this scene, the ghost is subjective.

To reconcile this subjective, objective controversy; one explanation has been offered. Koble says that the first apparition was real and the second was imaginary: the first was
Initiative and the second was inhibitive.

To sum up, the presentation of the ghost I n Hamlet is an artistic triumph. Without it these would have been no tragic suspense or curiosity, no suitable atmosphere and consequently no interest. This artistic treatment of the supernatural reveals Shakespeare’s universal dramatic gift.