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Female Athlete Triad

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Female Athlete Triad
The female athlete triad is made up of three medical conditions that are becoming increasingly common in active teen girls: Eating disorders, Amenorrhea or lack of menstrual periods and Osteoporosis or low bone mass. Low-calorie diets are usually the first sign of eating disorders. Along with diets, excessive exercise or obsession with exercising can also be another sign of the Female athlete triad. Teenage girls that are lower weight but exercise constantly are the individuals with the higher risk. Teen girls who cut back on eating habits also called “cutting weight” for specific sporting events are more likely to have amenorrhea. Sports that are heavily linked with triads are mostly gymnastics, swimming and ice skating, all sports that weight determines much. After the production of amenorrhea, amenorrhea can ultimately lead to the triad itself.
Trakya University in Turkey conducted a study in June of 2004 to have a further understanding in the prevalence of the female athlete triad among athletes. This university was able to conduct surveys, questionnaires and other data from athletes in the colligate level and high school athletes as well. Consent from the parents in athletes under the age of 18 was indeed followed through.
Trakya University gathered 224 female athletes to participate in the study from the city of Edrine in Turkey. To have an average, the ages ranged from 16 to 25 years old. These athletes were taken from all different types of sports in the fact that no bias to one sport was clear. These sports ranged from basketball, tennis and volleyball all the way to handball. On the other hand, females who were taking oral contraceptives had to be excluded from study being that oral contraceptives are known to regulate and control the menstrual cycle. As well as athletes without oral contraceptives, the athletes also needed to be nulliparous which is another term for a woman who has not yet birthed a child.
After several steps and test including a



Cited: Nattiv, A., Agostini, R., Drinkwater, B. and Yeager, K.K. (1994) The female athlete triad. the interrelatedness of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Clinics in Sports Medicine 13, 405-418. Otis, C.L., Drinkwater, B., Johnson, M., Loucks, A. and Wilmore, J. (1997) American Co College of Sports Medicine position stand. The female athlete triad. Medicine and Science in Sports Exercise 29, i-ix. Putukian, M. (1998) The female athlete triad. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine 17, 675-696. Rodrigez-Cano, T., Beato-Fernandez, L. and BelmonteLlario, A. (2005) New contributions to the prevalence of eating disorders in Spanish adolescents: detection of false negatives. European Psychiatry 20, 173-178. Rosen, L.W., Mc Keag, D.B., Hough, D.O. and Curley, V. (1986) Pathogenic weight- control behavior in female athletes. The Physician and Sportsmedicine14, 79-95. Sabatini, S. (2001) The female athlete triad. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences. 322,193-195. Sundgot-Borgen, J. (1994) Risk and trigger factors for the development of eating disorders in female elite athletes. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 26, 414-419. West, R.V. (1998) The female athlete. The triad of disordered eating, amenorrhoea and osteoporosis. Sports Medicine 26, 63-71. Yeager, K.K., Agostini, R., Nattiv, A. and Drinkwater, B. (1993) The female athlete triad: disordered eating, amenorrhea, osteoporosis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 25, 775-777.

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