“Erik Erikson made significant contributions and influenced the studies and research of countless other people” (Daruphousse, 2010). After Erik Erikson’s psycho analysis with Anna Freud he was intrigued and studied psychosocial development himself. He maintained that personality develops in a predetermined order. Erikson’s theory that life is a span of challenges and lessons throughout life is his model of psychosocial development. The predetermined order is focusing on how children interact and socialize with other and how it affects the child’s sense of self. There are a total of eight stages with each having two possible outcomes. Erikson’s theory is successful when each stage is completed resulting in a person being able to successfully interact with others and have a well-rounded personality themselves. If a stage is not completed it can result in the inability to complete further stages resulting in an unhealthy personality.…
Mr. Bronfenbrenner has developed the ecological system theory to explain how everything in a child. Bronfenbrenner has labeled different aspects or the levels that the environment influence the children’s development. Bronfenbrenner has labeled the four theory’s microsystem, mesosystem, ecosystem, and macrosystem. The first theory is a small immediate that the environment of the child lives in. The children of microsystem include any relationships or organizations that interact with their immediate family, caregivers, school, and the daycare. The child acts and reacts to the people in the macrosystem that affect how they treat them. Each of the children has special genetic and has influenced personality traits that are unknown. Macrosystem…
Erik Erikson's Theory emphasized developmental change throughout the human life cycle. He divided the life cycle into eight developmental stages with each stage consisting of a unique developmental task that confronts the individual with a crisis. As the individual resolves the crisis successfully, the healthier their development will be.…
Erikson proposed the ‘Eight Stages of Development’, following the epigenetic principle, comprising periods of growth, recognition and function between the individual and their social environment. He considered the psychomoratorium of Stage 5 (Identity versus Role confusion) to be crucial, where various life decisions are confronted and ‘ego identity’ must be achieved. He defined…
Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory of development revolves around the concept that an individual is impacted by several distinct relationships during their lifetime. According to this theory, these relationships are broken down into five levels that represent an individual’s five major interactions during their life; microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. These five systems are based on the ecological theory that these continually changing environmental systems impact the individual throughout childhood and into adulthood. This paper will demonstrate Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory of development by looking at how it shaped this author’s development and influenced the direction that was taken in her life.…
An American Russian psychologist Urie Bronfenbrenner introduced his theory on human development called the Ecological Systems Theory 1979. Bronfenbrenner was born in 1917 and was also a co-founder of the Head Start program in the United States for disadvantaged pre-school children. Bronfenbrenner developed the Ecological Theory to explain how everything in a child and the child 's environment affects how a child grows and develops. He labeled different aspects or levels of the environment that influence children 's development, including the microsystem, the mesosystem, the exosystem, and the macrosystem. Bronfenbrenner stated in 1979 "...basic science needs public policy even more than public policy needs basic science" (European Association for Counselling, 2011). From that statement he went on to develop his primary contribution of the Ecological Systems Theory, in which he holds that development reflects the influence of several environmental systems identifying five such systems. These systems are described below obtained from (European Association for Counselling, 2011)…
Bronfenbrenner (1979) created the ideology of ecological systems, it identifies the 5 environmental systems that affect an individual. The first level is the Microsystem, this is the system closet to a child, it involves subjects such as home, school, family, friends and teachers, this is the most influential level. Bronfrenbrenner's theory highlights how unique each child is as it is not only the inner being as a child, but also each child has their own surrounding system that is entirely specific to them, affecting their abilities and development, making it necessary for early years educators to be able to adapt their teachings to fit each child's…
Life span development is referring to the many faceted layers of human growth; these layers are characterized through multi-cultural, multi-contextual, multi-disciplinary, multi-directional, and plasticity. Each of these characteristics of development brings about their own implications (Berger, 2011). Life span development is multi-cultural, meaning that there is a system of development within cultures; each culture, be it a nation, an ethnic group, or a society, plays an important role in individual development (Berger, 2011). Life span development is multi-contextual, meaning that there are multiple contexts in an individual’s life span that play a role in their development. These include an individual’s climate, surrounding sounds, population, family patterns, and historical conditions which are ingrained into an individual’s life (Berger, 2011). Life span development is multi-disciplinary, which means that there are many different disciples, or concepts related to the developmental process of an individual. Some of these disciplines include psychology, biology, sociology, anthropology, historical, and education. All these forms of discipline, or domains, have…
Erik Erikson was a child psychoanalyst who explained development as happening in eight life stages. His psychosocial theory dealt with eight stages throughout the life of a person. New problems depict each stage and the outcome is determined by how each person deals with each problem (Varcarolis, E., Halter, M., 2013). The stages are:…
Erikson just like Freud has distinct stages that a person goes through in life. Unlike Freud, Erikson’s stages do not end when someone turns eighteen but actually continue into adulthood. In fact, in adulthood you will experience three more stages. Erikson’s stages are broken down into 8 stages. The stages are:” Trust vs. Mistrust, Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt, Initiative vs. Guilt, Industry vs. Inferiority, Identity vs. Role Confusion, Intimacy vs. Isolation, Generativity vs. Stagnation, and Integrity vs. Despair.” Sharkey, W (2017). Erikson’s stages are aligned with Freud theory at the basis of human development. Erikson took Freud’s theory and improved the vision. Erikson first five stages parallel Freud’s but also was one of the first to…
When evaluating the contributions of theories and research their impact as they relates to life span development; there are several that stand out for me and I feel apply well to my area of specialization. These theories and research, although not directly related to my area of specialization affect and influence the way in which I will be able to work with each individual alone or in a group setting. Because of my strong belief that the environment can have significant impact on the development of the individual as a whole many of the stages theories (i.e. Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development; Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development and Piaget’s Cognitive Stages of Development), although important in…
The foundational understanding of life-span development theories that I learned through past experience will support my development as an addiction professional will help me to promote a core identity as first a counselor and secondly the challenges within addiction theory. In fact, my previous employment experiences with mental health, behavioral health, and substance abuse, provided the foundational understanding of life-span development theories as a next generation addiction professional. Besides, the current generation and the generation to come has an high demand for addiction professional’s due to the increase in drug habits, mental health, and behavioral health. Over the next decade, addiction professionals will increase in areas of accountability, understanding of life-span development theories, and identity. We as professionals need to accept accountability for providing patients and their family and friends with effective and resourceful services as possible while dealing with their addiction. To understand the complex theory connections of mental health, behavioral health, and substance abuse that shapes each client cultural background and an effective wellness process. Therefore, in the next decade, the development of the complex connections of mental health, behavioral health, and substance abuse will merge with the help of the foundational understanding of life-span development theories that…
Ego development theory was created by Erik Erikson. Erikson believed our personality is formed from opposites such as dependant or independent, aggressive person or passive person, are just an example of a few. Erikson stated that some of these traits you are born with others are learned. Erikson…
Eric Erickson organized life into eight stages that extend from birth to death (many developmental theories only cover childhood). Since adulthood covers a span of many years, Erikson divided the stages of adulthood into the experiences of young adults, middle aged adults and older adults. While the actual ages may vary considerably from one stage to another, the ages seem to be appropriate for the majority of people. One of the main elements of Erikson’s psychosocial stage theory is the development of ego identity. Ego identity is the conscious sense of self that we develop through social interaction. According to Erikson, our ego identity is constantly changing due to new experience and information we acquire in our daily interactions with others. In addition to ego identity, Erikson also believed that a sense of competence also motivates behaviors and actions. Each stage in Erikson’s theory is concerned with becoming competent in an area of life. If the stage is handled well, the person will feel a sense of mastery, which he sometimes referred to…
Development theories are psychological stages of life. Erik Erikson is best known for his stages of psychosocial development and coining the term ‘identity crisis’. Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development is one of the best known theories of personality. Though similar to Freud, Erikson believed that personality develops in a series of 8 stages. Unlike Freud’s theory of psychosocial stages, Erikson’s theory describes the impact of social experiences across the whole lifespan.…