coli is a gram negative, bacterium found in the lower intestine of warm blooded organisms. Although E.coli strains are harmless there are serotypes that can cause food poisoning in humans. [2] Harmless strains can be found in the flora of the gut and produce vitamin k¬¬2 and prevent pathogenic bacteria from establishing and are therefore beneficial to the host. The major cause for disease is fecal to oral transmission. It is an ideal candidate for bacterial transformation because it is made of only one cell, reproduces every 20 minutes, is not harmful to people, and cannot survive outside the…
It was originally predicted that in minimal media, the bacteria would have greater enhancement of growth with squalane than those in nutrient broth, as the squalane compensates for the otherwise scarce energy and carbon availability. This was not evident in the experiment, as there was no difference in enhancement of growth between media. Despite this, there was still a significant increase in growth in samples supplemented with squalane within media groups. This further supports the general growth-enhancing effects of the substance, but does not conclusively demonstrate its mechanism.…
He contracted Clostridium difficile and survived the initial infection, but lost most of his intestine. his waste empties into a ileostomy bag now. He came back to the states from China with some intestinal pain, where his doctor prescribed him with CIPRO, a broad range antibiotic. Nevertheless, the drug effectively cleared out all his natural bacteria, letting the Clostridium difficile become unopposed space-decently in his gastoral intestine. His doctors realized how fast the infection was growing, so they put him in a month long coma as they tried and failed to treat it. In the end, they took out his massively swollen intestine and left him with a tiny bit. Corresponding, Mariana Bridi Costa from Brazil was living a dream, traveling the world trading her beauty for a career in modeling, while lifting her family out of poverty. Except during a tour of contests, she contracted Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a multiresistant urinary tract infection. It worsened rapidly, and turned into septic shock. In desperate attempt by surgeons they amputated her hands, legs, and some stomach. She sadly died the next day after she completely stopped breathing. These deadly scenarios are prevalent all over the world now, and a quick saviour is nowhere in…
Doctors have put healthy peoples fecal into a pill that helps a disease called Clostridium difficile, or C-diff. This disease cause abouot 14,000 to die every year. These fecal capsules have cured 27 patients with C-diff, while antibiotics failed to help. By taking this capsule, it can restore good bacterias and prevent reinfection. They are taken through colonscopies. It takes many pills to hold bacteria for treatment. An example of someone using the capsules, had her daughter as a donor, and she has felt better ever since. Huge potential is found in using these capsules, especially for hospitalized patients at risk and using normal…
-Hickson, May. “Probiotics in The Prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhoea and Clostridium difficile Infection.” Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology. May 2011 v 4(3): p 185-197: Ebscohost. 1 Apr 2014 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3105609/…
Clostridium difficile is often called C. Diff or C. difficile, is a bacterium that may cause symptoms from diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon (Mayo Clinic, 2013). C. difficile affects mostly older adults in log-term health care facilities or hospitals. C. diff usually occurs after one use’s antibiotic medications for long periods of time. Now-a-days C. diff is affecting people who are not normally considered high risk, such as healthy adults and younger adults without exposure to health care facilities or without a history of antibiotic use. Clostridium difficile is shed in feces. Any material, device, or surface that may become contaminated may transmit C. Diff. C. Diff is transferred to patients by health care professionals, who came into contact with the contaminated item or surface.…
Clostridium Difficile, C. difficile or more commonly called C. diff. belongs to the “domain bacteria which makes it a prokaryotic, its Phylum is Firmicutes, its class is Clostridia, its order is clostridiales, its family is Peptostreptococcaceae” (Brymer). “Clostridium difficile is a spore-forming, Gram-positive anaerobic bacillus that produces two exotoxins: toxin A and toxin B. It is a common cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). It accounts for 15-25% of all episodes of AAD.” [1] The two toxins produced by C. diff are toxin A and toxin B. “Toxin A is an enterotoxin and cytotoxin that causes fluid secretion and increased musical permeability because of the increased inflammation” (Brymer). “Toxin B is a cytotoxin, that bind to…
On November 14, 2012, Rita Bernstein visited Bergen Community College to talk about Escherichia Coli O157:H7. Escherichia coli or better known as E.coli is a tube-shaped bacterium that is found in the stomachs of warm-blooded animals. O157:H7 is a member of the E.coli family, which produces shiga toxin, and are capable of producing bloody diarrhea. E.coli O157:H7 attacks red blood cells, it interrupts flow of oxygen, and it breaks down walls of vessels.…
Clostridium Difficle is a nosocomial infection acquired mostly in hospitals. In 2005 it was consider the most precarious infection to bombard North American in a decade. Armed with knowledge about the infection, transmission, environmental factors, alternative treatments, prevention and ways to control C.diff healthcare workers can better be prepared to help fight the spread of this deadly infection. A…
Clostridium tetani is a pathogenic bacterium. It is a gram positive bacillus, which means it possesses thick cell walls made of peptidoglycan and appear as rod shaped. C. tetani is an obligate anaerobe that form spores which are resistant to heat and exposure to oxygen (Brüggemann, 2015). This ability to form spores allows the cell to survive in harsh conditions, packing everything it needs to survive until conditions improve. C. tetani is found mostly in warm, damp areas, especially in soil, but can also be found in the intestines or feces of many animals (Wells, 1983). The medical importance of bacterial endospores is significant. While it is typically pretty easy to kill off vegetative cells, no matter how scary a pathogen they may be, bacterial…
diff). Clostridium difficile is a type of bacteria that lives in your intestines. It generally will do no harm to the human body but, certain things can lead to this bacteria to grow, which will end up causing some serious life threatening problems. "Most people who get a C. diff infection are getting medical care. The biggest risk factor is taking antibiotics. While antibiotics may cure the bacteria that are making you sick, the drugs can also knock out the healthy bacteria in your digestive tract. Then C. diff takes over." says webmd.com. As of 2011 C. diff was the cause of half a million infections in the United States.There are other bacterial infections that have a serious threat such as Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter and MRSA. Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter is a bacteria that are mostly found in either soil or water. It has the possibility of living in human skin for days at a time. The people that are mostly seen with this bacteria is the people who have been in the hospital with another illness for a while. This infection is very dangerous because it is faster at developing more resistance against antibiotics than any other bacteria. On the other hand MRSA is a bacteria that stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. As stated by mayoclinic.org "infection is caused by a…
their gut. The number of C. difficile bacteria that live in the gut of healthy people is kept in check by all the…
Fidaxomicin is an orphan drug that treats Clostridium difficile infections. This drug inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase and cause rapid death of C. difficile bacteria. It undergoes minimal systemic absorption and causes its effects directly in the GI tract. C. difficile is a sporeforming, anaerobic bacillus that transmitted to human via the fecal-oral route. The FDA-approved dosing of fidaxomicin is 200 mg twice daily for 10 days with or whithout food for adults. The most common adverse effects of this drug are gastrointestinal events like vomiting, nausea, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and abdominal pain.…
a. The bacteria that causes botulism are found in soil, water, animal guts and dung. When the spores exposed to low oxygen and certain temperature, they produce botulinum toxin, able to germinate, metabolize, food sources through an aerobic respiration to produce toxin. The toxin blocks the release of acetylcholine from motor nerve endings causing paralysis symptoms. The botulism either food born, eating contaminated home-canned foods where the fermentation takes place. or through abrasion in the body skin where the Clostridium bacteria can infect the wound releasing the neurotoxin, this has been increased recently because of the use of tar heroin injection. or infant that he ingests spores and the spores grow in the intestine producing neurotoxin…
Clostridium difficile (C-difficile) is a common bacterium that is a frequent cause of infection in the colon and effects numerous patients. Clostridium difficile increases the hospital costs associated with inpatient care, including identification of the organism as well as treatment. The most common cause of C-difficile infection is the elimination of normal intestinal flora caused by antibiotic use. Standard treatment of C-difficile infection includes the use of oral (Flagyl) and intravenous (Vancomycin) antibiotic therapy. The use of fecal transplantation to treat C-difficile infection is increasing in popularity. Research regarding fecal transplantation dates back to 1958; however, the efficacy of fecal transplant for the treatment of C-difficile are rapidly emerging with noted benefits for patients. The mere thought of presenting fecal transplantation for the treatment of a C-difficile infection is often dismissed because of limited available evidence and the concerns about using someone else’s stool to treat the infection. The necessity to educate patients with C-difficile is an additional challenge. Potential donors and recipients need to be assured of minimal risks associated with the screening and transplantation process. The ability to educate society on the results of evidence-based practice regarding the treatment of C-difficile with fecal transplantation should minimize concerns and enhance patient outcomes. The creation of a patient education programs is increasingly beneficial when multiple health care professionals and interdisciplinary teams are involved. Thus, a project objective in implementing an educational patient program for fecal transplantation is the creation of an informative brochure for potential use in the Endoscopy Department at Sharp Memorial Hospital by December 2014. The…