Biology

Name________________ Block 4 ______
Pushing the Limits – Strength!

For each section: List ONE question that could be answered by the film about each of the different sections and state the answer.

Bones
Q - How Many bones is your skeleton made up of ? _______________________________________________________________________
A - The Skeleton is made up of 206 bones _______________________________________________________________________

Muscles – Superhuman strength
Q- How does muscle tissue work?
_______________________________________________________________________
A- muscle tissue works by pulling and contracting, acting like a lever. _______________________________________________________________________

Skeleton and Cartilage – Shock Absorption
Q - How much weight can knee cartilage handle before breaking
_______________________________________________________________________
A- 7 tons _______________________________________________________________________

Pain Tolerance
Q- can you train to have a high pain tolerance? _______________________________________________________________________
A- Yes _______________________________________________________________________

Adrenaline - Fight or Flight
Q-what does adrenaline do?
_______________________________________________________________________
A- It heightens speed and reaction time and gives strength that you didn't know you had. _______________________________________________________________________

Muscle Memory
Q-what happens while you sleep?_______________________________________________________________________
A - your body remembers how to do what you practiced over the day. _______________________________________________________________________

Fueling the Body - Fats and Carbohydrates
Q-how many calories are in 3 large hamburgers?_______________________________________________________________________
A - 3000 _______________________________________________________________________

This is they Hyatt tv tv highly gotcha 1.Centrosome- an organelle near the nucleus of a cell that contains the centrioles (in animal cells) and from which the spindle fibers develop in cell division.
2. Cytoplasm-the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus.
3. Endoplasmic reticulum-a network of membranous tubules within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell, continuous with the nuclear membrane. It usually has ribosomes attached and is involved in protein and lipid synthesis.
4. Golgi Apparatus-a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport.
5. Lysosome- an organelle in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells containing degradative enzymes enclosed in a membrane.
6. Mitochondria- an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. It has a double membrane, the inner layer being folded inward to form layers (cristae).
7. Nucleus- the central part of most cells that contains genetic material and is enclosed in a membrane
8. Plasma membrane- a semipermeable limiting layer of cell protoplasm —called also cell membrane
9. Ribosome- any of the RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis 10. 10.Active transport- the movement of a chemical substance by the expenditure of energy against a gradient in concentration or in electrical potential across a plasma membrane
11. Concentration gradient- measurement of how the concentration of something changes from one place to another.
12. Diffusion- the process whereby particles of liquids, gases, or solids intermingle as the result of their spontaneous movement caused by thermal agitation and in dissolved substances move from a region of higher to one of lower concentration
13. Endocytosis-incorporation of substances into a cell by phagocytosis or pinocytosis
14. Enzyme-a chemical substance in animals and plants that helps to cause natural processes (such as digestion)
15. Meiosis-the cellular process that results in the number of chromosomes in gamete-producing cells being reduced to one half and that involves a reduction division in which one of each pair of homologous chromosomes passes to each daughter cell and a mitotic division
16. Metabolism- the chemical processes by which a plant or an animal uses food, water, etc., to grow and heal and to make energy
17. Mitosis- a process that takes place in the nucleus of a dividing cell, involves typically a series of steps consisting of prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, and results in the formation of two new nuclei each having the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus
18. Osmosis-the process that causes a liquid (especially water) to pass through the wall of a living cell

Quesenberry
September 7, 2014

The Colonies by 1763-A New Society

Between the settlement at Jamestown in 1607 and the Treaty of Paris in1763, the most important change that occurred in the colonies was the emergence of a society quite different from that in England. Changes in religion, economics, politics, and social structure illustrate this Americanization of immigrated Europeans. The colonies no longer felt the need to give back to England. The settlers from the colonies no longer felt that they were different from England. Soon they started reaching towards the independence of the colonies which at one point would form our country.

By 1763, although some colonies still maintained established churches, other colonies had accomplished a virtual revolution for religious toleration and separation of church and state. In England everyone was forced to follow the Church of England (Anglicans). In the Great Awakening the colonist started to realize how far away they were from their mother country, and that they didn't want to be controlled by it. The colonies started to pass "Acts of Toleration" for example Maryland with the intention of having a place where people could go and live without having to practice any religion.

In a similar economic revolution, the colonies outgrew their mercantilist relationship with the mother country and developed an expanding capitalist system of their own. Sugar formed the economy of the west. The Chesapeake gave birth to the tobacco cultivation which was a major cash crop. The triangular trade route contributed to Colonial Commerce, America would eventually settle for trading on their own without England's influence. Each part of the triangle was specialized in its own product so when the triangle trade ship traded it would make a profit all around which greatly influenced the trade of African slaves.In order for America to be able to change their economic structure and become independent they also had to change their political aspects.

Building on English foundations of political liberty, the colonist extended the concepts of liberty and self-government far beyond those envisioned in the mother country. In Virginia, in Jamestown, a group called The House of Burgess influenced the idea that white-land owners should be the ones choosing the representatives. The colonies also influenced the Mayflower Compact which determined that important decisions were put to vote and passed by the majority of rule. This was a great achievement towards Americas independence since the colonies had never been in control, they had always lived under the rule of the mother country, England.

In contrast to the well-defined and hereditary classes of England, the colonies developed a fluid class structure which enabled the industrious individual to rise on the social ladder.The class structure was very definite, if you were a white man and owned land you belonged to the upper class, if you didn't own land you were most likely a indentured servant but if you are white you are still considered better than an African American slave although at times you might be doing the same labor work. If you were African American there was no doubt you were a slave, until later in history. In the New world your social status was based on how much money you had.

In conclusion the differences between the mother country, England, and America were many. For many years England had complete control over both countries until the Great Awakening idea started to flourish on the colonies, reaching out to their independence and their own mercantilism. England had full control of both countries religion-worship, politically, economically, and the way they were socially structured. The colonies outgrew to practice their own religions and in some cases none at all, they had their own laws setup by their own people, they setup their own trading system which would benefit their own economy, and they structured their social pyramids to their convenience. This was the beginning of Americas Independence.