Pope Essays & Research Papers

Pope Francis has been declared Time’s Person Of The Year. Looking back on 2013, he has done some incredibly progressive things to lead the Church. 1. He spoke out against frivolous spending by the Church The average set of cardinal’s clothes costs as much as $20,000. In October, Pope Francis urged officials to dress more modestly and not to squander such money. In the same month, he ordered a German bishop to explain how he had spent $3 million on a marble courtyard. 2. He...

Explain why Pope Urban II called for a Crusade in Clermont 1095. One reason, or trigger for Pope Urban calling the crusade would have been Alexius’ request for his help. Alexius asked for Pope Urban’s aid in helping him to fight the Turks; this is because they were closing in and starting to invade Constantinople, which was the main frontier between the Christian and Islamic worlds. Emperor Alexius felt threatened by the Turks, and knew that Pope Urban in him being the head of the Church...

Cardinal Jorge Mario Bergoglio took the papal name Francis, after St. Francis of Assisi, and was elected as the new pope of the Catholic Church. It was on March 13, 2013 that white smoke rose from the chimney on the roof of the Sistine Chapel at the Vatican and Pope Francis was elected the two hundred and sixty-sixth pope. He is a pope of many firsts. The first Jesuit pope, first pope from the Americas, and first non- European pope in more than a millennium. He is known for...

PLUNGING WITH THE POPE Characters The Pope - an ancient but by no means feeble man. It is vital that this actor has a flair for comedy and good comedic timing The Camerlengo - Much younger (late twenties, early thirties), somewhat naiive The Pope’s private office. There is a desk and a table. He and the camerlengo are decorating the place for Christmas. There is tinsel and a nativity scene. Perhaps Christmas music The camerlengo steps forward and begins speaking to the...

Pope Leo the great (440-461 AD) is famous for his Tome of Leo document, The Council of Chalcedon, and he illuminated the conformist definition of Jesus’ being as the religious states of two beings- divine and human. Despite all of this, Pope Leo the Great is most famous for his persuasion of the crude Attila the Hun (434-453 AD) to not invade Italy in 452 AD. The emperors usually paid off barbaric tribes to not invade them but this further gave reason for the tribes to invade Western Europe. The...

Pope Benedict XVI Type of Ministry: Pope Benedict XVI was born with the name Joseph Alois Ratzinger. He was born on the 16th of April 1927 and is the current head of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the 265th pope. He became pope after the death of John Paul II, and was elected on April 19, 2005. He was born into a religious family, he was baptised on the day of his birth, and his brother, Georg Ratzinger is a priest. According to relatives, he had wanted to...

19 March 2013 Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI and Election of Pope Francis The resignation of Pope Benedict XVI and the election of Pope Francis are getting to be a pretty big deal around the world. Pope Benedict XVI was born under the name Joseph Ratzinger on April 16, 1927 in Marktl am Inn, Bavaria Germany. He grew up under war and reparation from World War I. He was briefly a member of the Hitler Youth in his early teenage years. He turned to theology studies after the war. His father...

The Pope’s Odd Choice of Words Pope Francis made some very controversial remarks ranging from gay marriage is not a bad thing to saying we should not always be talking about abortion and other contraceptive methods. People have called Pope Francis and embarrassment to the Catholic Church for some of the things that he has said and other people have said that there is absolutely nothing wrong with what he has said because he is speaking his mind and not just saying what people want to hear. Pope...

Pope Leo Xiii Pope Leo XIII Pope Leo XIII was the first pope to try and bring the Roman Catholic Church into harmony with the modern world. He continued the efforts of his predecessor Pius IX to gain independence for the Vatican from Italy. It could be argued that Christianity Survived through Pope Leo XIII because of his political and social work. Pope Leo XIII’s real name was Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci. He was born on March 2, 1810, in Carpineto, Italy. Vincenzo...

POPE JOHN XXIII * Found meaning in life by helping others * Significant contribution to development of Christianity. * Contributed Socially, Politically and liturgically. * Ecumenism – major influence for Catholic Church. * Advocate of Christian unity, social justice, human rights, and promotion world peace. * “People’s Pope” – friendly, sense of humour, gracious and humble. * Family – poor. * Believed that kindness can be offered without money. * Often...

Pope Joan Essay During the Middle Ages, the Church and the Emperor competed for control of the Holy Roman Empire. The Church and the Emperor ruled jointly over the Holy Roman Empire. Although the Church had a great deal of power, the Emperor was equally as powerful in his own way. Moreover, the powers of Church and the Emperor conflicted with each other. This led to a variety of power struggles....

 AN ANALYSIS OF POPE JOAN’S LIFE: A FOCUS ON GENDER ISSUES ABSTRACT The researcher analyzed Pope Joan’s life focusing on gender issues. The novel Pope joan written by donna wool folk cross is one of the keys to find the most important information and thus answer the questions and attain the objective of the study, also to gather the needed data library research and browsing various websites were done. This study aims to show how the pope upheld her empowerment in three levels of equality:...

John Paul II (Latin: Ioannes Paulus PP. II, Italian: Giovanni Paolo II), sometimes called Blessed John Paul or John Paul the Great, born Karol Józef Wojtyła (Polish: [ˈkarɔl ˈjuzɛf vɔjˈtɨwa]; 18 May 1920, Wadowice, Republic of Poland – 2 April 2005, Vatican City), reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church from 1978 until his death in 2005. He was the second-longest serving Pope in history and the first non-Italian since 1523. A very charismatic figure, John Paul II was acclaimed as one of the...

ope John Paul II , Formerly Karol Józef Wojtyla Born: 18th May 1920 in Wadowice, Poland Died: 2nd April 2005 in Vatican City Pope: 16th October 1978 - 2nd April 2005 Youth of Pope John Paul II Wojtyla was born and raised in Poland during a rare period of national freedom which ended, initially, under Nazi occupation, and then Communist rule. Instilled with a firm religious belief by his father, Wojtyla attended school and then Jagiellonian University, where he balanced studies with an...

The Pope was the title give to the head of the church, to which he was changed with the religious care taking of the clergy and other believers. For military aid and expansion, early popes looked to medieval kings like Clovis of the Franks, but by the time of Charlemagne’s coronation by Pope Leo III, it became questionable whether the pope or the king was the higher authority. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Europe was decentralized with the development of feudalism, and this allowed the...

World History 30-March-2012 Pope John Paul II Pope John Paul II was also known as Karol Jo`zef Wojtyla. He was born on May 18, 1920 in Poland. His papacy lasted 9,664 days, which was from October 22, 1978 to April 2, 2005. Pope John Paul II was known as the most traveled pope, the longest lived pope, most influential pope in the history of the Catholic Church, and most importantly the most influential leader of the twentieth century. Suffering from Parkinson’s disease, the young pope had to...

Blessed Pope John XXIII Pope John XXIII held office for only five years, but he remains one of the most popularly beloved popes in the history of the Roman Catholic Church, not only by Catholics but also by non-Catholics. He had spent twenty-five years as a papal diplomat for Bulgaria, Turkey and France, and six years as archbishop of Venice, not being elected pope until he was 77. Pope John XXIII is perhaps best known for bringing together the second council that promoted the unity of all...

Before reading these few pages by Sister Mary, and even before this class, I did not have a good idea of who Pope Benedict XVI was. All I knew was that he was a very intellectual and gentle man from Germany who people loved to listen to. There have been many controversies surrounding Pope Benedict, but people continue to listen to his insightful religious lectures. Now after reading this brief insight by Sister Mary, I have developed a newfound appreciation for this man because of the hardships...

Pope Clement VII Giulio de’ Medici was born in the exquisite city of Florence, Italy on May 26, 1478. He was the son of Fioretta Gorini, and the prevailing Giuliano de’ Medici whom was in fact one of the pronounced leaders of Florence during the late 1400’s. Giuliano de’ Medici was brother of Lorenzo the Magnificent and was recognized as the “co-ruler” of Florence in his time. After the tragic assassination of his father and death of his mother, Giulio de’ Medici was then taken in and...

Nine Days that Changed the World 5) When asked if I think that Pope John Paul II is worthy to become a saint, I immediately looked up the definition of a saint, and to find what it takes to be canonized as a saint. A person who after death is formally recognized by a Christian Church, especially the Roman Catholic Church, as having attained, through holy deeds or behaviour, a specially exalted place in heaven and the right to veneration. From this definition, it says you need to be recognized...

Gregory and his ideas played an important role in many of the changes, a knowledge of his pontificate is essential for understanding later European history, up to and including the present. Gregory has not lacked historians, from his own time onwards. Among the pregnant changes of his time was a shift from speech towards writing as the principal means of government communication and record. Mainly ...

Question 48 (Worth 10 points) (01.06 MC)Use examples from the lessons to compose a well-developed paragraph on the following: Why do historians consider the greatest achievement of the Byzantine Empire to be the preservation of Greek and Roman cultures? ESSAY SUBMISSION Historians consider the greatest achievement of the Byzantine Empire to be the preservation of Greek and Roman cultures because after the fall of the roman empire and the small Greek states the byzantine empire still kept...

Electing the New Pope The Catholic cardinals gathered in Rome began Friday, the secret election, or conclave, to elect a new pope next Tuesday afternoon, the Vatican said the 115 cardinal-electors taking part in the conclave will enter the closed-door process after a morning Mass. Only cardinals younger than 80 are eligible to vote. Some cardinals took to the Internet to make comments before Friday afternoon's meeting that set the conclave date. Cardinal Peter Turkson of Ghana, viewed as one...

There are thousands of different religions around the globe and each of them has its own rules, community and leaders. Leader of the religions has an important role since they are also responsible of being the ethical leader of their community. It is also commonly known that first purpose of the religious views is gain more reputation and reach more people, which makes religious communities act like a company. As stated in the article, followers of catholic church is a great example of a...

Stewardship. This word has various definitions from the dictionary all the way from an employee, to the person who runs a household, to a financial administrator. This word also has a significant influence in our faith as members of the Catholic Church. In respect to the Catholic Church, stewardship basically means to care for and respect God's earth and creations. Stewardship combined with philosophies revolving the idea of stewardship are lessons that the Church teaches and makes people...

John XXIII 1. Changes of Vatican II - John initiated an ecumenical council, he called for the concil He also set up the 10 commissions/secretariats 2. “open the windows of the church and let fresh air in” - second pentecost “I’ve looked into your eyes with my eyes, I have put my heart near your heart” “Do not listen to the prophets of doom” “listen to the signs of the times” - environmental ethics, different views 3. Pope John 23rd was a transitional pope because in a short amount of time...

Though Pope Urban II promised a heaven for the Franks and expanded Christianity, I believe that his message was frightening rather than inspiring. I have come to this conclusion because in an ideal mind, a pope, a man of the church is thought to be pure and pious. However, Pope Urban II is in fact acting as a political leader, scheming and plotting against the Turks, under the façade of a pope. In his appeal to the Franks, Pope Urban II begins his speech in an ominous and foreboding tone....

A Man Who Became Pope Karol, or Pope Jonh Paul II as we know him, was one of the most couragous men because of all the hardships he faced in his lifetime.In the movie we only saw a small portion of them because the movie stopped right as he became pope. I am sure he faced many many more while serving his term as Pope. Being from Poland, and being a Catholic made him a prime target for discrimination back when the Natzis were trying to eliminate many different groups of people because of...

Sophia Headley Father Bernard Period 1 23 November 2014 Pope John Paul II Pope John Paul II, had been the leader of the Roman Catholic Church since 1978. Before his death he had assumed a greater political role in world affairs than any other Pope in recent history. He was fluent in eight languages, and was a frequent traveler of the world and was the first Pope in over 60 years to visit an Islamic country. Pope John Paul II has extended his influence in farthest reaches of the world. He became...

Character: Pope Pius IX Panel Question: Define the proper role of religion in society. Audience: All Patriarchs, Primates, Archbishops, and Bishops in the Basilica of Saint Mary Major, Rome. I. Introduction A. This is directed to all Patriarchs, Primates, Archbishops, and Bishops. Consider starting with: Venerable Brothers, I greet you and give you my apostolic blessing. B. (Thesis) Start with the quote of “We are well aware of our weakness . . .” and say how the people would’ve...

Throughout the central Middle Ages, Europe was characterized by the power struggle between the secular and the ecclesiastic. The question of rule by God or by man was one which arose with unwavering frequency among scholars, clergy, and nobility alike. The line which separated church and state was blurry at best, leading to the development of the Investiture Conflict in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, and the attempts to undermine the heir to the throne in the twelfth and thirteenth...

The Middle Ages were a time of change. This time, lasting from about 400 to 1500, changed many people's lives drastically. In Western Europe, life for many groups was affected. The power and importance of the Pope, the Kings, and the Nobles was greatly altered. The Pope was affected in many ways. One way was caused when the Pope reformed the church. In the early middle ages, the Catholic Popes had control in many political matters, and feudal lords had control over church officials. In the...

Observation Author Pope John Paul II argues in his essay “Unspeakable Crime of Abortion,” that women who seek to have an abortion are committing murder; no matter how earlier the woman is in the pregnancy. He states, “Procured abortion is the deliberate and direct killing, by whatever means it is carried out, of a human being in the initial phase of his or her existence, extending from conception to birth.” He believes that many Americans try to justify the abortion by simply calling it...

John Doe English Mrs. Robinson 03/24/03 The Final Hours of Pope John Paul II It was Saturday, April 2, around 2:30 PM, when the Pope John Paul II passed away. Hours before, thousands of people clogged Rome's streets of Peters Square, as the Pope John Paul II awaited his passing. Tourists, Romans and religious followers gathered to show their regards. This was no easy passing for the Pope, he lead nearly one billion Catholics over his twenty-six year papacy. In his last hour, everyone...

Pope Benedict XVI: A Life and Papacy Revealed On April 19, 2005 Joseph Alois Ratzinger was elected as successor to the beloved Pope John Paul II. He was formally enthroned during the papal inauguration Mass on April 24, 2005 and chose the name of Pope Benedict XVI (Wiki P. Ben XVI bio). Elected at the age of 78 Pope Benedict XVI was the oldest to be elected Pope since Clement XII in 1730 (Wiki P. Ben XVI bio). Pope Benedict is only the eight German Pope to be elected into office the last...

December 9, 2010 Reflection on Pope John Paul II movie I found the movie Pope John Paul II very interesting and spiritually moving. God tells us in the bible that following him is not free of tribulation. He comforts by telling us he will not put anything against us that we cannot overcome. Sacrifice is one the key ingredients that comes with following the Lord. Pope John Paul II is a wonderful role model to follow when it comes to sacrifice. When the Nazis were trying to put an end...

The 1983 visit of Pope John Paul II to Nicaragua   The 1983 visit of Pope John Paul II to Nicaragua The reformed-minded Catholics in Nicaragua hoped that the Pope was going to say some words of consolation to the families which daily lose loved ones to the counterrevolution, especially since just days before 17 outstanding members of the Sandinista Youth Organization, killed in an ambush, and had been buried after a...

In 1095, at the Council of Clermont, Pope Urban ll made a powerful and well planned speech. His message was clear and precise, ‘go to the holy land in Jerusalem and claim back what is rightfully yours or die trying, and in return remission of all your sins with the assurance of the imperishable glory of the kingdom of heaven’. He was addressing Christians from all over France calling for a ‘Crusade’ in the name of God and as many would argue, abusing his authority and status he received from the...

The article is about Pope John XXIII and the second Vatican council. Pope Pius XII was the pope from 1939 to October 9th,1958. The cardinals decided to chose a candidate that would be a transitional pope. The cardinals choose someone they thought would be rather harmless, simple, and out have a quick term as head of the church. So in October of 1958 they elected Angelo Roncalli. As pope, Angelo took the name John the XXIII, which was almost blasphemous, because anyone who knew anything about...

 Jane, S. E. (1994). Innocent III: Leader of Europe. New York: Longman Publishing. Summary Jane Sayers takes a large portion of her writing to paint a picture of what was going on with the world of the Holy Roman Empire up to Pope Innocent. She explains the papacy at the time and how it interacted with the modern world. Sayers goes into depth as to how he made all of his power grabs with kings, the fourth crusade, and his convening of the fourth Lateran Council. The majority of the book is...

Explain why the Catholic Church was weakened by renaissance popes in the years c1500 t0 1527? 16th century Europe was mainly under the control of the Catholic pope. The pope had authority over almost everything. However, renaissance Popes Alexander VI, Julius II and Leo X did not show good examples of Holy living. The Catholic Church was weakened by Pope Alexander VI (1492-1503)for different reasons, one way that he weakened the church was through the loss of popularity, this came from his...

Why did Pope Urban II call the first Crusade ? There are three main reasons as to why Pope Urban II called the first Crusade. These reasons being ; Improving conditions in the west , Power to the church and the reunification of the Christian church. Although there are many reason that could have been said, I valued the three above to be the most important deciding factors to crusade. Improving conditions in the west was a significant reason to call a crusade. The fear of hell and purgatory...

We speak of a culture war. John Paul II fought a cultural war against the communist and won. Indeed, countless images of this momentous victory filled the screens of televisions around the globe last month. The crumbling of the Berlin wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union were sure signs: The cold war was over. Now, people in their twenties have little more than vague memories of a nuclear threat. Who discusses the possible cataclysmic battles threatening the future of humanity nowadays?...

 Seventeen Popes and One Hundred Years: The Construction of St. Peter’s Basilica Megan Malone Since 64 CE, Rome has been a center for the Christian church. St. Peter, believed by many to have special authority given by Christ, was martyred and buried there. From then on, Rome has held religious significance, for the Christian church. His death and burial were memorialized by the construction of churches. Most significant of these buildings, St. Peter’s...

John XXIII was 76 years old when he came to the papal throne, and his age. Inevitably his reign was brief, but in terms of its significance and its effects upon religious and world history it was perhaps the most important pontificate since the middle Ages. Much of this significance, from the train of events which he set in motion during the years of his reign, but much of it also lay in his unique personality. Previous popes had usually been remote figures from the very outset John endeared...

‘Men, women and schools of thought have reformed and/or revitalised the Christian tradition.’ How well does this statement reflect the impact on Christianity of ONE significant person or school of thought, other than Jesus? Pope John XXIII was a highly influential, religious leader in the Catholic Church, whom was elected Pope on 28th October 1958. Although he was thought to be a transitional pope, John XXIII was often addressed as the ‘good pope’ due to his significant involvement in...

This is a simple question with a complicated answer, because there are varying degrees of, and reasons for, animosity between any two religious groups. This particular battle is rooted in history. Degrees of reaction have ranged from friendly disagreement (as reflected in the numerous ecumenical dialogues produced between the two groups), to outright persecution and murder of Protestants at the hands of Rome. Reformation teachings that identify the Pope as the Beast of Revelation and / or Roman...

What goal do you think Pope Innocent VIII was trying to achieve when sanctioning the writing of the Malleus Maleficarum through his papal bull, Summis Desiderantes, in 1484? Pope Innocent VIII could have had obviously had many goals in issuing Summis Desiderantes; however, in my opinion, one goal is much more evident than the rest. Pope Innocent VIII had one of the most corrupt papacies on record (atheism.about.com/library/ glossary/western/bldef_innocentviii.htm). Also, during the time of...

 Byzantium and the West in the Age of the Crusades: The Dividing of Christendom? Ryan Waddell GHIST101 Professor Harding November 14, 2013 (Reviewed by Professor Harding) Christianity has played a crucial role in world history since the death of Christ. From its humble beginnings along the Sea of Galilee until its solidified spread amongst Western European nations, the religion has had its fair share of...

1. Considering the entire period of the Middle Ages (500-1500), which was mightier, the word or the sword? In other words, did wars and violence or ideas, including religious, philosophical, literary ideas, have greater influence on the development of this time period. The history of mankind has been plagued with death and violence. Power seems to be the goal for all man. Since the beginning of the age of man, there had to exist a form of government and control to somewhat subdue the human...

St. Gregory 1 The Great Pope Saint Gregory I, known as St. Gregory the Great, was one of the most fascinating of early Church leaders. Gregory is well known for his writings, which are more prolific than those of any of his predecessors as pope. He was drawn to the religious life and spent long hours meditating on the Scriptures. The son of a Roman Senator, Saint Gregory was born in Rome around 540 AD and following his dad's footsteps embarked upon a political career. He rose through the ranks...

Therese Martin, future Saint Therese of Lisieux, was born on January 2, 1873 in Alecon, France. By the age of 15 she had decided upon becoming a cloistered Carmelite after wanting to follow in the footsteps of her sisters but was refused by the Carmelite superior because of her young age. After also being denied entrance by the bishop, Therese even approached Pope Leo XIII while on a pilgrimage with her father and sister. After being forbidden to speak to the Pope, Therese broke the mandatory...

ROME AND THE PAPAL STATES Cola di Reinzo read many ancient Latin books and became very knowledgeable and wanted roman freedom and led a conspiracy to take over the city for the people The popes of the Renaissance had a dual position. On the one hand, they were, as rulers of the church, entrusted with the spiritual welfare of Christendom; on the other, they were the heads of an Italian city-state. Their failure to reconcile these two positions or rather, their devotion to the second at the...

 The Institutional Development of Western Europe By: Katerina Bumbaris Throughout the middle ages, many different institutions have been changing and growing as time has passed. Religion, military, and art and literature have changed significantly over hundreds of years. There are many reasons as to why this happens. As civilizations learn and grow, they begin to change their way of living and thinking according to what might fit in current society....

How far do you agree that the Catholic Church significantly hindered Italian unity in the years to 1870? To a very far extent the Catholic Church did hinder Italian unity as the church was generally a reactionary body as it opposed to new ideas especially, Italian unification. Such as when Pope Pius IX asked the French army to defeat the Roman Republic in 1848. Also the Catholic Church made it forbidden in science to say the Earth travelled around the sun. However the Catholic Church does show...

James Ryan Ting Chen Brendan Foley Liz Filachek Caylea Barone Question 1: Thesis: At the beginning of the postclassical era, the Catholic Church was the only stabilizing institution left after the fall of Rome. Throughout the postclassical era, the Catholic Church had to compete with secular groups, other religions, and its own corruption to emerge as the dominant authority in Western Europe (as the Pope became the most powerful man in ...

Marco Alvarez ENGL 2341 12-04-2012 Dante the Popes & The Catholic Church We know now that one of the main reasons Dante wrote the Divine Comedy was because of his qualms with the Catholic Church, the institution he blames for his exile. Dante uses his talent as a poet to convey those feeling through invectives, be they direct or indirect. His strong dislike for the Catholic Church and specifically the papacy does not arise from a dislike of the religion but rather...

1. Name the asteroid, big enough to wipe out whole human civilization that passed relatively close to Earth on 31 May 2013. a) Asteroid 1998 QE2 b) Asteroid 2013 QE2 c) Asteroid 1998 EQ2 d) Asteroid 2013 EQ2 Answer: (a) Asteroid 1998 QE2 2. Which Islands in India were declared as the world biosphere reserve by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) in the Month of May 2013? a) Lakshadweep Islands b) Andaman Islands c) Daman and Diu d) Nicobar...

Angels and demons Following the murder of a physicist, Father Silvano Bentivoglio, a symbolist, Robert Langdon, and a scientist, Vittoria Vetra, are on an adventure involving a secret brotherhood, the Illuminati. Clues lead them all around the Vatican, including the four altars of science, Earth, Air, Fire and Water. An assassin, working for the Illuminati, has captured four cardinals, and murders each, painfully. Robert and Vittoria also are searching for a new very destructive weapon that...

Mykayla Jackson Mr. Simonini AP European 27 May 2013 On Jews and Christians Living in the Same Place * * A Quo Primum is an encyclical of Pope Benedict XIV, issued by Pope St. Pius V. This proclamation took place in the 18th century, when religious tolerance seemed to be at a low. In this proclamation, people debate the idea of how the Christians and Jews in Poland are living together. They state arguments, pros and cons. Since the earliest of times, people often disagreed with...

It took sixty-five years for Italy to be transformed from a series of separate states ruled by restored monarchies after the Napoleonic invasion into a unified Kingdom of Italy under Piedmont with Rome as its capital. It took so long because there were many obstacles to the political unity of Italy. The influence of the Catholic Church was a very significant obstacle but it was one of many, such as the conservative rulers, the lack of popular support for unity and divisions amongst...

Emily Kinghorn Medieval Europe: Jan Vandeburie Word Count: 1,906 To what extent was the papacy successful in asserting its dominance over the Western Church? The extent to which the papacy asserted dominance over the Western Church has been greatly disputed amongst historians. Certain historians would argue that there is little to suggest that the pope had control from inside other than papal reform to prevent unrest and, would argue that in fact the real conflict was between him and...

Mysticism and Religion versus Age of Reason Have you ever heard of the rack? The rack was a torture device that consisted of an oblong rectangular, wooden frame, slightly raised from the ground. The victim’s feet were fastened to a roller at one end, and the wrists were chained to the other end. A handle and ratchet attached to the top roller were used to gradually increase tension on the chains, inducing excruciating pain. By means of pulleys and levers this roller could be rotated on its...

Vincent Sylvester Wada Academic Writing APH 103 Dr. Keith Esenther October 17, 2014 The Church and Homosexuality The papacy of Pope Francis has brought about and allowed so many debates on issues that the church so far has decided to remain very conservative about. One of such issues include the church’s teachings and views about what a Christian family should represent. What kinds of union between persons rightly represents God’s plan of a family? Who and who should constitute an ideal...

The Italian Renaissance was a very difficult time period in European history. The arts were flourishing, while the city-states in Italy fought bloody battles with each other and within themselves. Bribery and murder were not uncommon tools for men to use when they wanted power. Meanwhile those same rulers patronized the arts a great deal and they would commission the best artistic minds of the time to build, design and paint their palaces and churches and later on their own...

ESSAY VATICAN: Society has been subject to constant change throughout the years especially post World War 2. An internal issue that Frequently faced the catholic denomination of the Christian church was the ability to keep up with the social political and economic upheavals post World War 2. After world war two there was mass production, socity boost in technology, machines took over humn taks and there was great economic properity. The sexual revolution. In the political sector divorce was...

SAINT JOHN BOSCO 1851-1888 Saint John Bosco was born August 16th, 1815, while Europe, more precisely Italy, was in the making of a new Renaissance. When he was living, they were many orphaned and poor boys. Without the guidance that these young men needed, they often got in trouble with the law. John would have became this way if it weren't for her devoted mother. John was the youngest son of a peasant family. His father died when John was only two years old. As a youngster, he would...

1. Francis I- was Holy Roman Emperor and Grand Duke of Tuscany, his wife effectively executed the real powers of those positions. With his wife, Maria Theresa, he was the founder of the Habsburg-Lorraine dynasty. 2. Cardinal Wolsey- Thomas Wolsey was an English political figure and cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. When Henry VIII became king of England in 1509, Wolsey became the King's almoner 3. Peace Of Augsburg- a treaty signed between Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor,...

The Roman Catholic Church After the fall of Rome, the Christian Church split into eastern and western Churches. The western Church became the Roman Catholic Church. Religion was an important part of medieval life. Many question if the Catholic Church was positive or negative during the middle ages. This essay will explain why the Church was a negative aspect during the medieval times. According to A Document 2, the Church started a court system called the Inquisition. The Inquisition...

8.3 THE CHURCH’S AUTHORITY GROWS Recap: European economy prospered Growing religious importance Popes sought to prevent lords from interfering with church affairs Church’s political involvement call for reforms 1. Papacy had become a political prize. 2. Lords meddling with religion. Bishops were appointed by lords who collected tax from the Church Loyalty and control 3. Decline in spiritual values among clergy. Monetary incentives, pleasures and possessions People called for...

Why is Vatican II so Significant in the Modern Church? INTRODUCTION: VATICAN II Vatican II was the 21st ecumenical council recognized by the Roman Catholic church, which became the symbol of the church's openness to the modern world. The council was announced by Pope John XXIII on January 25, 1959, and held 178 meetings in the autumn of each of four successive years. The first gathering was on October 11, 1962, and the last on December 8, 1965. Of 2908 bishops and others eligible to attend,...

The veneration of icons had been banned by Emperor Leo III because he suspected Christians as executing Idolatry among religious matters but he died in AD 741 but the iconoclasm hasn’t been stopped there because it was continued by his successors especially his son Constantine V, In 754 Constantine summoned the Council of Hieria in which some 330 to 340 bishops participated and which was the first church council to concern itself primarily with religious imagery. Constantine seems to have been...

Earliest history There is archaeological evidence of human occupation of the Rome area from approximately 14,000 years ago, but the dense layer of much younger debris obscures Palaeolithic and Neolithic sites.[21] Evidence of stone tools, pottery and stone weapons attest to about 10,000 years of human presence. Several excavations support the view that Rome grew from pastoral settlements on the Palatine Hill built above the area of the future Roman Forum. While some archaeologists argue that...

Throughout history a people's hopes have enabled them to triumph against all odds. The militiamen of colonial America were able to protect their independence from the British, who at the time had the largest, most powerful military in the world. In more recent years, the passengers of a commercial airliner included in the 9/11 tragedy were able to crash their plane before it reached its unknown, but surely, life-devastating destination. These were ordinary people were able to overtake armed,...

THE CHURCH IN MEDIEVAL LIFE  During the Middle Ages, two distinct Christian churches emerged: the Orthodox Christian Church in the east and the Roman Catholic Church in the west. (The two branches split permanently in 1054. The Roman Catholic Church became the main stabilizing force in Western Europe. The church provided religious leadership as well as secular, or worldly, leadership. It also played a key role in reviving and preserving learning. At the head of the Roman Catholic Church was the...

Crusades Leading up to the Crusades, secular kings and the church were constantly jockeying for superiority over one another. Kings status’s symbolically fluctuated constantly in the public eye by seemingly meaningless gestures. The Crusades, while a holy mission, were also a political weapon to increase the power of the popes of the middle ages. In the 1070’s Pope Gregory VII challenged the Holy Roman Empire. While this was the start of the rise and increase in the power of the papacy,...

The Later Middle Ages | 1000–1500 | What You Will Learn… In this chapter, you will learn about life in Europe during the later Middle Ages. Christianity was a major influence on people’s lives during these years. This photo shows the monastery at Mont St. Michel in France. Chapter Time Line | | Themes: Religion / Society and Culture | | Focus on Themes In this chapter you will learn about Europe in the late Middle Ages, a period important change and new developments. You will...

 Rosies with rings around them, were filling with puss all over Europe. The bubonic plague changed the way of how the peasants and the government in Europe thrived, ultimately ending the middle ages, and birthing the renaissance. The rise of secularization, the shift of who is ruler, and the debasing of currency, all contributed to the end of the Middle Ages, and the beginning of the Renaissance. The intellectual decision for most people to become secular from the church dramatically changed...

In 1559 Queen Elizabeth 1 of England passed two acts as part of the Church Settlement: The Act of Supremacy and The Act of Uniformity. With these acts she aimed to unite her countries people and avoid rebellion from each religious group. At first it seemed to have worked: The new Archbishop of Canterbury, Matthew Parker (a moderate protestant) was popular with most people; Only 250 out of 9000 priests refused to take the oath of loyalty to the new Church; the fines for recusancy were not...

During the Renaissance, as in ages past, food was a matter for social class, as well as region and season. The Renaissance uplifted Europe’s culinary arts, especially in Italy, evident in the banquets of Rome’s papal court, the Venice of the doges and perhaps most elegantly in the Florence of the Medici. That family’s epicurean tastes were transferred to France when Caterina de’ Medici married King Henry II, bringing with her the cooks and recipes that reputedly put the haute in cuisine. But...

GREGORY VII (Hildebrand) (Pope, 1073-85). He was born in Tuscany about 1020, perhaps at Soana, a village of the southern border. His family belonged to the plebeian class. Although nothing of his remoter ancestry is known, his family name, Hildebrand, would imply a Teutonic descent; but by birth and education at least he was Italian. His youth was passed in Rome, in the monastery of St. Mary, on the Aventine, of which his uncle was abbot, and he probably took monastic vows. The Emperor Henry...

The Medieval Mind: * Education * Books were mainly published in Latin, making them unreadable to the masses * Curriculum was limited to reading, writing, simple arithmetic and a book summarizing the principles of the Christian religion * 79% of peasants couldn’t read * 0% of the clergy and professions couldn’t read * Dark Ages- no one was literate, not even Charlemagne (first Holy Roman Emperor) * Middle Ages- literacy was scorned * Not...

Renaissance, as we know, was a widespread cultural and educational movement in history during which the old conventions of medieval age were dissolved followed by liberation in all arenas of life and culture. It was marked by the increased quest for power, learning, knowledge; Worldliness, materialism; and love and hankering for sensual pleasures, beauty etc. We see in the play that Doctor Faustus is not satisfied with the classical knowledge, he yearns for more. His proud declarations, supreme...

Athens “Golden Age of Athens” Achievements of: -Golden Age of Athens took place in 5th century BC (480-430 BCE) -Golden Age took place after Peloponnesian wars (Athens verse Sparta) and before the Persian wars -Achievements: Greeks excelled in philosophy history (Herodotus and Thucydides) Drama (Sophocles and Aeschylus) Sculpture (Balance between realism and idealism) Arts Architecture (Parthenon 447-432 BCE) Aristotle on government, ethics and epistemology: -Aristotle was a pupil of...

Joshua A Parable for Today By Joseph F. Girzone - How does Joshua prove the difficulty in living a true Christian life in the present? At first, I would like to point out that it is quite obvious that Joshua is in fact the 20th century version of Jesus Christ. It is most obvious from early on, when he first introduces himself as a carpenter. Next, he heals that little girl, and then walks through town with that large log on his shoulder, which I guess could be symbolic of the cross Jesus...

Roman Catholic Church vs Scientific Thinking Since the lives of the people in medieval Europe mostly revolved around faith and on what they believe in, mainly their religion, the effect of the Church in the middle ages on the citizens was huge. The church controlled the people as it was the main center of religious and social life. All Christians belonged to the Roman Catholic Church and it was considered that the church was as important, if not more, than any king or queen. In fact, a king...

The Sixth Age: Our Age (1830 to the Present) Growth: After the French Revolution, which swept the whole of Western Europe, the recovery of the Church was slow. She had to learn a new way of life, to be stripped of her riches and privileges. Churches, monasteries and schools were destroyed and landholdings were taken by the state. Concordats (agreements between Church and Civil authorities to identify the rights of the Catholic Church in an specific areas) were made. Growth: A citadel is...

Between the fourth and eleventh centuries, the relationship between politics and religion included religion being used for military aid, papal primacy, rulers enforcing religious orthodoxy, and religion being used for legitimization. One of the relationships between religion and politics was papal primacy (church power over ruler power) as seen in documents 3, 4, and 5. In the fifth century, Pope Gelasius I told the Roman emperor it was important to defer to papal authority. He wrote this...

SOUTH ASIA INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED CHRISTIAN STUDIES The Great Schism : The Reasons for the Separation of the Eastern Church and the Western Church Submitted to Dr. F Hrangkhuma In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements of the Course : Church History Due Date: ______6 February 2013_______ Date Submitted: ____6 February 2013 Expected Time: _______5PM_____________ Actual Time: ____7:59 PM_______________ Expected Words: _______2500___________ Actual Words:...

The Rise of the Papacy Barry Blankenship CHHI 301 - History of the Christian Church I Professor – Dr. Jeffrey S. Mayfield February 20, 2012 The Fall of A Great Empire and the Rise of the Papacy Before the fall of the Roman Empire you must stop and look at the power that was held within the millions of miles of land, building, people, cities, kings, and customs. The Roman Empire was not known for being just another city or empire but it was known for its strength, power and victories...

The role of the Church in the Middle Ages 1. The role the Church played and why it was given this role: As Medieval Europe experienced a lack of a strong, central government, the feudal system provided some political stability. The Church also provided stability during the middle ages, and appealed to every social class. Lords and Ladies would often pay large amounts of money to the Church, so it was very wealthy. 2. The order of command in the Church: Clergy: Religious...

Analyse 3 17th century sculptural representations of religious themes made by one or more artists and show how religious purpose is conveyed in each work. Religious themes were vital to sculpture in the 17th Century due to the Baroque style becoming popular. Bernini was one of the great sculptors and three sculptures by him which are religious are; ‘David’ 1624 (part of a commission to decorate the Borghese Villa), ‘Monument to Urban VIII’ (a work which took 19 years to complete) 1647, and...

The Holy Roman Empire was looming to the east of France to Poland and Hungary, but it size was not as potent as it might suggest. Frankish ruled the empire and German kings for 10 centuries, from Charlemagne’s coronation in 800 until the renunciation of the imperial title in 1806. The most powerful of these lines of kings was Otto I, who helped to restore the title emperor and in many ways resembled Charlemagne such as how he fostered a revival of learning in which literature and art flourished....

The Crusades Leading up to the year 900 many groups destroyed the centers of learning in Western Europe. When about the year 900 came along there was a spiritual revival among the church clergy. The Church began reconstructing itself both inside and out. Both the Church itself functioning and also places of worship. One hundred years later, “holy wars,” called Crusades were launched. These wars lasted for an extensive 300 years. Many problems stimulated reformation of the church between the...

 RELIGIONS OF THE WORLD -PHL 230 JOURNAL Zeeba Mubin 8979 Table of content 1. Gulf News article on “Tight security for Ganesh immersion” 2. Evaluation and analysis of the article 3. Gulf News article on “Of virtue, vice and a Vatican priest” 4. Evaluation and analysis of the article In the article the celebrations of Ganesh Chaturthi’s security is mentioned. Ganesh is the son of Shiva and his wife Parvati. Ganesh was born looking like a boy and then when Ganesh interfered between...

 Porta Fidei: The Spiritually of the Year of Faith This article is all about the one of the greatest last acts of the pontificate pope Elneritus XIV. It is the declaration of the year of Faith. This was declared on the 11th of October last 2012. A year of faith is the can for us people to re-examine our faith and its importance in our everyday challenges in life. To usher this year of faith, Benedict XVI published an Apostolic letter titled Porta Fidei (Door of Faith). The...