1. Pharmaceutical companies do have a responsibility to distribute drugs for a low cost in developing and poorer countries. Africa’s GDP‚ and per capita income is very low so they cannot afford to buy top quality medicines. One main argument for this approach is the AIDS epidemic in Africa. A main argument against this is that the treatment for AIDS is very expensive to provide to a whole country for free. 2. The principal arguments of pharmaceutical companies that oppose making exceptions to IPR
Premium HIV World Trade Organization Pharmacology
Intellectual property 1) Outline of the course a. What can IP do for companies (the function of intellectual property rights IPRs) i. Intellectual property rights transform knowledge into value. ii. The territory of IP is a territory for growth and wealth. b. Many IPRs‚ much opportunity iii. Patents‚ industrial designs‚ but also trademarks and copyright: iv. Economic value of IPRs through legal mechanisms: 1. For their granting
Premium Patent Patent application
a lot of discussion about pharmaceutical companies‚ intellectual property‚ and the global AIDS epidemic. Do pharmaceutical companies have a responsibility to distribute drugs for free or low cost in developing countries? Why is intellectual property such a big deal? What impact would South Africa’s decision to levy duties on drugs in the country have on the international distribution of drugs? Was the change that provided patent protection for pharmaceutical companies an appropriate change or
Premium Generic drug Developing country Developed country
business of Pharmaceutical companies:- Pharmaceutical companies are not especially big in terms of revenues‚ but they are very profitable. For instance‚ in 2001‚ Pfizer was ranked 127th in the world on total revenue (US$32·2 billion) but 7th in terms of profit.29 The pharmaceutical industry is the most profitable business sector‚ with an average 16·2% profit‚ ahead of financial companies (11·6%) and beverages (10%).30 However‚ net income growth has declined‚ and growth in the value of drug
Premium Pharmacology Profit Income
Developing countries Mortality strata The mortality strata method classifies countries based on statistics for child and adult mortality. Data on child mortality is arranged into three groups: very low‚ low and high. Adult mortality is then used to break the low and high child mortality groups down further giving the strata. STRATA CHILD MORTALITY ADULT MORTALITY COUNTRIES A Very low Very low Australia‚ Canada‚ USA B Low Low China‚ Mexico ‚ Indonesia C Low High Russia
Premium Human Development Index Developed country Poverty
नमस्ते The Rebuplic of India is a country which can be found in South Asia‚ bordering on China and neighbouring Nepal‚ Bandladesh and Pakistan. Indian dependence was granted in 1947 thanks to Ghandi and Nehru who non-violently resisted the British rule after Great Britian became the dominant political power in India in the early 19th century. It is considered to be one third of the size of the US. While it is the home of the famous Taj Mahal and Himilayas‚ in it’s capital New Delhi lives 21.72 million
Premium Poverty Demography Population
2.1 About WTO World Trade Organization (WTO)‚ international body that promotes and enforces the provisions of trade laws and regulations. The World Trade Organization has the authority to administer and police new and existing free trade agreements‚ to oversee world trade practices‚ and to settle trade disputes among member states. The WTO was established in 1994 when the members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)‚ a treaty and international trade organization‚ signed a new trade
Premium World Trade Organization International trade General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
Developing Countries: A developing country‚ also called a less-developed country (LDC)‚ is a nation with a low living standard‚ undeveloped industrial base‚ and low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries. Developing countries have low levels of living and productivity‚ high population growth‚ underdeveloped industry and a reliance on agriculture and exports for economic sustainability. World Trade Organization (WTO) and Developing Countries: Over three quarters of WTO members
Premium Developing country World Trade Organization Developed country
INTRODUCTION: According to Barry Rodger and Angus Macculoch‚competition law concerns intervention in the market place‚ when there is some problem with the competitive process or when there is market failure. This includes public authority intervention and is based on different concerns of the principal legal systems. They go on to state that monopolies‚ cartels and mergers are the three principal issues of interest for most competition law systems‚ the major concern with cartels and mergers being that‚ eventually
Free Competition law Monopoly Economics
discussion of law‚ William Blake states that “Prisons are built with stones of Law‚ Brothels with bricks of Religion” (Blake‚ 6) within The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. Blake dives to the criticism or observation of an institution. It may seem odd that he points out “prisons” and “brothels” within the same sentence‚ yet‚ although they are quite different on their face they share central features. Both prisons and brothels are institutions‚ and while in prison one’s position is required by law while the
Premium William Blake England Poetry