Four contingencies of reinforcement: 1. Positive Reinforcement Purpose: Serve to strengthen desired behavior Method/How: Gives bonus or present that is powerful and durable‚ praise Essential Element: Correct timing and consistency (Directly after the desired behavior) Example: Teach child correct manners Consideration: Modifications in behavior should equal to the reinforcement 2. Punishment Purpose: Decrease inappropriate behavior Method/How: Can carry out through 1)
Free Motivation Reinforcement Geert Hofstede
CONTINGENCY THEORY CONTINGENCY THEORY IS A CLASS OF BEHAVIORAL THEORY THAT CLAIMS THAT THERE IS NO BEST WAY TO ORGANIZE A CORPORATION‚ TO LEAD A COMPANY OR TO MAKE DECISIONS. “THE BEST WAY TO ORGANIZE DEPENDS ON THE NATURE OF THE ENVIRONMENT TO WHICH THE ORGANIZATION RELATES.” William Richard Scott CONTINGENCY THEORY TELLS US THAT AN ORGANIZATION IS MOST EFFECTIVE WHEN IT ADAPTS AND FITS ITSELF TO THE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. CONTINGENCY THEORY IN A NUTSHELL Organizations are
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5. Theoretical Contingency Framework 5 Theoretical Contingency Framework Having clarified the EPs’ development in the previous chapter‚ this chapter presents the theoretical framework that was developed to guide the data collection‚ analysis‚ and performance evaluation presented in the subsequent chapters. We first introduce structural contingency theory and its underlying assumptions. Specific attention will be given to the “patterned systems” approach (Van de Ven and Ferry 1980) which will
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third-party investigation………………....…..13 5.4 Communication channels…………...…………………………………….16 6. Training……………………………………………………………………..19 7. Rehearsals……………………………………………………………….….19 Appendix…………………………………………………………………...…20 1. INTRODUCTION This contingency plan is prepared to eliminate or reduce damages from crises that influenced Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU) or incidents that trigger potential damage against the university in respect of reputation‚ image or financial stability. HKBU was established
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HONG KONG BAPTIST UNIVERSITY CONTINGENCY PLAN Team Member 陈韵筱 12427470 黄汝兮 12404594 罗诗韵 12414670 罗雨婷 12405426 邵滟婷 12414654 Content 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………….…3 2. Objectives of the plan………………………………………………………..3 3. Stakeholders of Hong Kong Baptist University……………………………..4 4. List of potential risks………………………………………………………...4 5. Fabricating academic credentials of teaching staffs………… ………………..5 5.1 Situation identification…………………………………………
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Contingency Factors Podcast Transcript Speakers: Diane‚ Scott‚ Elizabeth Reeves Fidler Diane: Hey everyone‚ welcome to the podcast where we talk in detail about management and business principles that YOU need for success. Scott: Welcome to this week’s podcast and we have for you - Plan B! Diane: You mean we’re not going to discuss contingency factors in planning? (laughter) Diane: Never mind – of course! Contingency factors - also known as ‘Plan B’ Scott: That’s the one. That plan we’ve
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Implementation‚ Strategic Controls‚ and Contingency Plan Tonya Starks STR/581 December 8‚ 2014 Instructor: Braford James Abstract Apple Inc. is a global innovator of the MacBook‚ tablets‚ iPhones‚ iPods‚ and other innovative products. Apple is the leader in the electronic market sector for innovative product growth and development. The implementation plan will explain the strategic controls and contingency plan for the organization along with an implementation process. This will allow
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Contingency Theory Contingency Theory is a class of behavioral theory that claims that there is no best way to organize a corporation‚ to lead a company‚ or to make decisions. An organizational / leadership / decision making style that is effective in some situations‚ may be not successful in other situations. In other words: The optimal organization / leadership / decision-making style depends upon various internal and external constraints (factors). Contingency Theory factors Some examples
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CONTINGENCY contingency plan is a plan devised for an outcome other than in the usual (expected) plan.[1] It is often used for risk management when an exceptional risk that‚ though unlikely‚ would have catastrophic consequences. Contingency plans are often devised by governments orbusinesses. For example‚ suppose many employees of a company are traveling together on an aircraft which crashes‚ killing all aboard. The company could be severely strained or even ruined by such a loss. Accordingly‚
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The Contingency Approach: Y. Y^ -a . . ’ ^ 1 i^-^ .g ^ ‚ The Contingency Its l^oundations and Relevance A poc p r ah to Theory Building and Research in Marketing by Valarie A. Zeithaml Duke University‚ Durham‚ North Carolina‚ P. "Rajan" Varadarajan Texas A&M University‚ and Carl P. Zeithaml University of North Carolina‚ Chapel Hill Introduction During the 1960s‚ management theory and research began to adopt a new orientation‚ one that embodied a remarkably simple concept
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