Example 1 Nozzle Flow - Steam Steam at 1.5 bar and 150 deg C enters a nozzle at 10 m/s and exits at 1 bar. Assuming the flow is reversible and adiabatic‚ determine the exit temperature and velocity. If the exit nozzle area is 0.001 m2‚ evaluate the mass flow rate of the steam through the nozzle. P1 = 1.5 bar T1 = 90 deg C V1 = 10 m/s A2 = 0.001 m2 P2 =1 bar T2 = ? V2 = ? mdot = ? V2 = sqrt(V1*V1+2*(h1-h2)) mdot = rho*A2*V2 = A2*V2/v2 T2 382.60 m/s 0.22 kg/s 111.81 degC Superheated
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ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS FOR YEAR I ELECTRICAL 1 INTRODUCTION AND THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS All living things depend on energy for survival‚ and modern civilizations will continue to thrive only if existing sources of energy can be developed to meet the growing demands. Energy exists in many forms‚ from the energy locked in the atoms of matter itself to the intense radiant energy emitted by the sun. Many sources of energy exist: many are known‚ some perhaps unknown; but when
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ABSTRACT The paper postulates a thermodynamic theory of money and describes both quantitavely and qualitatively its mechanics that unify economic production and finance in a sustainability framework. The theory will examine various economic issues‚ such as‚ full employment‚ economic growth‚ economic development‚ economic justice‚ the role of financial institutions‚ technology transitions and sustainable natural resource use‚ and be contrasted with the dominant money theory. It is claimed that
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[BLANK_AUDIO]. Welcome back. So last time we talked about work transfer as a form of energy transfer across the system boundary. Now there are a few key points we need to remember. Work transfer is not a system property. Where transfer depends on the process path and there are many different types and forms of work transfer so last time we introduced expansion and compression work and that’s the work to raise or lower a piston. Now that type of work is very important
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Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Course: Thermodynamics – I (ME 131) Credit Hours: 3-0 Course Description: Thermodynamics-I is one of the engineering foundation courses. This course deals with work / energy and their interaction. It is designed to attain knowledge about laws of thermodynamics and their application in thermal engineering. This course provides a foundation for subsequent major engineering courses like Fluid Mechanics‚ Thermodynamics II‚ Heat and Mass Transfer and many more
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Chapter 6 Introduction to thermodynamics Topics First law of thermodynamics. Definitions of internal energy and work done‚ leading to dU = dq + dw. Heat capacities‚ Cp = CV + R. Reversible and irreversible processes. Various types of expansion‚ isothermal‚ adiabatic. CV and Cp according to kinetic theory‚ monatomic gases‚ other gases. The meaning of temperature‚ empirical temperature scale‚ perfect gas scale‚ the second law of thermodynamics‚ thermodynamic temperature scale. So far‚ we have concentrated
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Lesson1- Laws of Thermodynamics Annette Tyler Laws of Thermodynamics Thermodynamics is the study of energy‚ the conversion of energy to various forms and the ability of energy to do work. The term ‘Thermodynamics’ originate from two root words ‘thermo’ which means heat and ‘dynamic’ which means power. The laws of thermodynamics are absolute and the observable universe obeys the Laws of Thermodynamics. The First Law of Thermodynamics is commonly known as the Law of Conservation of Matter
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Thermodynamics of Borax C3C Justin Nevins Chemistry 200‚ Section M1A Introduction The purpose of the lab was to determine how the solubility of Borax (Na2B4(OH)4) and other thermodynamic quantities such as enthalpy‚ entropy‚ and Gibbs free energy depend on temperature. When Sodium borate octahydrate (Borax) dissociates in water it forms two sodium ions‚ one borate ion and eight water molecules. The chemical reaction is shown as: (reaction 1) A simple acid-base titration
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be ideal or non-ideal. The type of solution whether it is ideal or non-ideal‚ will have a different thermodynamic function. Thermodynamics is a system where it is about a relation of conservation of energy and the movement or transferring of energy to predict the spontaneous direction of a chemical process that occur and it’s equilibrium state when reached. In this topic of solution thermodynamics‚ it is focusing on colloidal solution. It is important for us to understand the concept of osmotic
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Thermodynamics and Thermochemistry The study of energy and its transformations is known as thermodynamics. Thermochemistry is the branch of thermodynamics that relates to chemical reactions and energy changes involving heat. Most thermochemical studies are conducted in a laboratory where the transfer of heat can be carefully monitored in a closed system. The measurement of heat transfer is called calorimetry. The device in which heat transfer is measured is called a calorimeter. A calorimeter can
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