students should be able to : i) Differentiate the three line of defense system in the human body ii) Describe the agglutination process in the case of the ABO blood group iii) Differentiate between active and passive immunization iv) Discuss the homeostatic imbalances in the immune system Introduction • Barriers help an animal to defend itself from the many dangerous pathogens it may encounter • The immune system recognizes foreign bodies and responds with the production of immune cells and proteins
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external changes that occur. Homeostasis is so important that most disease is regarded as a result of its disturbance‚ a condition called homeostatic imbalance. As we get older‚ the body’s internal environment becomes progressively less stable. As a result we are more vulnerable to illnesses and they produce the changes we associate with ageing. Homeostatic imbalance takes place when the usual negative feedback mechanisms are overwhelmed and the destructive positive feedback mechanisms take over. An
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which the internal environment of the body remains relatively constant despite changes in the external environment. Examples would be the maintenance of body temperature and levels of glucose in the blood Homeostatic mechanisms are designed to reestablish homeostasis when there is an imbalance. The Home Heating System 1. When the temperature of a room decreases below a set point‚ the thermostat electrically starts the furnace. 2. As the temperature of the room rises to the set point‚ the thermostat
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produced. Oxygen and glucose are the main sources of energy for ATP. The muscle cells‚ liver cells and kidneys cells use ATP at a high rate to maintain homeostasis. The loss of oxygen and blood glucose to his organs will cause him to have a homeostatic imbalance and many of his organ cells will die causing them to lose functions. If his heart has stopped‚ waste removal will come to a stop. His blood flow aids in removing waste products with needed products to maintain homeostasis. Carbon dioxide is
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communicate respectively1. It is vital for our body to maintain homeostasis for our survival‚ this ability of the body allows us to adapt to our environment which is why we can live in a variety of different settings3. The mechanism of every homeostatic control has three interdependent components; the receptor‚ which is a sensor that responds to a change (stimuli) in the environment‚ by sending information through the afferent pathway to the control center1. The second component‚ which is the control
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B. Assuming Joseph’s heart has stopped‚ what cellular processes and membrane functions are going to be affected by loss of oxygen‚ blood glucose‚ and waste removal? Once the heart stops beating‚ blood‚ with oxygen and glucose‚ is not delivered to the body and ATP is not able to be produced. Without ATP production‚ cells are unable to function‚ oxygenation will not remain‚ blood glucose will not be controlled‚ and delivery of nutrients through the cell membrane and waste removal will cease‚ causing
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LABORATORY REPORT Activity: Homeostatic Imbalances of Thyroid Function Name: Theres Castle Instructor: Virgil Stoia Date: 10.20.2014 Predictions TSH levels in patients with primary hypothyroidism are high Thyroxine (T4) levels in patients with primary hypothyroidism are low TSH levels in patients with secondary hypothyroidism are low Thyroxine (T4) levels in patients with secondary hypothyroidism are low TSH levels in patients with hyperthyroidism are low Thyroxine
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homeostasis related to aging and disease? Provide examples to support your thinking. -The lack of homeostasis (called homeostatic imbalance) can cause several different types of diseases and disorders. Homeostasis will make sure of the efficiency in control functions of the body. Diabetes‚ gout‚ and any disease caused by a toxin in the bloodstream result from homeostatic imbalance. 2. When we are dehydrated‚ we are thirsty and drink water. Is this part of negative or positive feedback control
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AP1 Chapter 1 Study Guide 1. List the functional characteristics common to humans and other organisms; explain the importance of each to maintaining life and what are the survival needs of living things. A. Necessary Life Functions- Maintaining Boundaries‚ Movement‚ Responsiveness‚ Digestion‚ Metabolism‚ Excretion‚ Reproduction‚ and Growth. B. Survival needs- Nutrients‚ Oxygen‚ Water‚ Normal Body Temperature‚ and Appropriate Atmospheric Pressure. 2. Define Anatomy and Physiology and describe
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INTROduction TO THE HUMAN BODY 1. Define anatomy and physiology While anatomy provides us with a static image of the body architecture‚ physiology reveals the body’s dynamic and animated workings. Physiology often focuses on events at the cellular or molecular level. A. Anatomy – studies the structure of the body parts and their relationship to one another. i. Developmental – concerns structural changes that in the body occur throughout the lifespan. Embryology studies the developmental changes
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