THE FRIEDEL-CRAFTS REACTION: ACETYLATION OF FERROCENE Ferrocene was acetylated in acetic anhydride and phosphoric acid. It proceeded via a Friedel-Crafts reaction without the use of organic solvents or strong Lewis acid. Operations and Observations A mixture of ferrocene (1.5 g‚ 0.008 mol)‚ acetic anhydride (5 mL) and phosphoric acid (1 mL 85%) was heated over a steam bath until all the ferrocene dissolved and the mixture darkened from orange to dark red. The mixture was then refluxed with
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Reduction/Oxidation (Redox) reactions are ones that change the oxidation state of a compound. The oxidation state refers to the acquired charge (gained or lost electrons) of an element in relation to its original charge (i.e. S + 2e- S2+); in a compound‚ the overall oxidation state is calculated by adding all the charges of the elements present. The addition of electrons makes the element “reduced” and the loss of electrons is called “oxidized”. These reactions can be carried out in lab‚ or they
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Determining the activation energy in the reaction between crystal violet and sodium hydroxide. I. DESIGN ASPECT 1: definition of the problem‚ hypothesis and selection of variables Problem: How the Arrhenius equation can be used to determine the activation energy in the reaction between crystal violet and sodium hydroxide. Objective: The objective of the experiment is to determine the activation energy. Knowing the rate constant k of reactions between crystal violet and sodium hydroxide at
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Reaction on Reaction Paper The first thing that came to my mind when I have heard about Reaction paper is “What exactly is it?” and before I get an understanding of that‚ I resisted that change. But later‚ when I have studied about it and understood its purpose‚ I have started thinking “Why people avoid change at the first look without an analysis?” The general human tendency is to live in a comfortable zone in which he has lived for quite some time. He draws a circle‚ thinks that circle is his
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being a gamer improves ones reaction time. To test this‚ you first have to know what reaction time is and how it works‚ also what a "gamer" is classified as. First‚ what a gamer is classified as. A gamer is " a person who plays games; especially : a person who regularly plays computer or video games" ("Definition of gamer‚" ). We will say "regularly" is at least three hours a week. Most people can agree with this figure. There are different types of gamers. For example: FPS (first person shooter)
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PUTTING IT TOGETHER: Classifying Chemical Reactions Purpose: To observe and differentiate between the four different types of chemical reactions. Variables: The independent variables are the sodium chloride‚ sodium carbonate‚ magnesium‚copper‚ copper (11) sulfate‚ silver nitrate‚ oxygen‚ lead(11) nitrate‚ sodium carbonate‚ copper (11) sulfate pentahydrate. The dependent variables are the chemical reactions that are being looked for. For example decomposition‚ synthesis‚ single displacement or double
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Science Investigation Srategy I am ivestigating the reaction of sodium thiosulphate and hydroclohric acid. sodium thiosulphate(aq) + Hydroclohric Acid (aq) --> Sodium cloride (aq) + Sulphur Dioxide (g) + Water (l) + Suplhur (s) Na(2)S(2)O(3) + 2 HCl --> 2NaCl + SO(2) + H(2)O + S The finished reaction of the 2 clear liquids is cloudy.I will use this change from clear to cloudy as an indicator as to when the reaction is finished. By using this change ‚ i can see the effect of changing
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affecting the rate of a chemical reaction. Introduction: In my coursework I will be mainly concentrating on the reaction between dilute hydrochloric acid with marble chips (calcium carbonate). Calcium carbonate (marble chips) + hydrochloric acid ==> calcium chloride + water + carbon dioxide CaCO3(s) + 2HCl (aq) ==> CaCl2 (aq) + H2O (l) + CO2 (g) Aim: The aim of the experiment is to investigate how the concentration of hydrochloric acid affects the rate of reaction with marble chips‚ i.e. how
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combination of substances. The combination of substances often causes reactions‚ and one of the main groups of reactions is the single-replacement reaction. In Amrita University’s explanation of single replacement reactions‚ a single replacement reaction is defined as a “chemical reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound.” The general formula for single displacement reaction is: AB + C A + BC. This formula shows element A being replaced in its
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protein proteins that have a very specific three-dimensional shape which makes them highly specific and only work on one or a few similar chemical reactions. Enzymes themselves are not consumed in the reaction‚ but they help attract substrates into correct position to undergo chemical reaction. Enzymes greatly speed up the rate of biological reactions by lowering the energy of activation. To get a sense of the speed and efficiency of enzymes‚ substrates can be transformed to products at the rate
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