ZAPs
ATTENTION:
-Lab Stroop Effect’s Theory:
During the experiment, it was more difficult to indicate the color ink that the word was shown in when the word itself indicated a non-corresponding color. This is the Stroop Effect: the finding that people identify the color of a word more slowly when color and word are incongruent (for example, the word BLUE printed in a red color) than when color and word are congruent (for example the word BLUE printed in blue).
But why is identifying the color of a word in the incongruent conditions difficult? Recognizing words has become an automatic process; even without deliberately attending to the word, we can't help but recognize the meaning of the color words (called semantic activation). This sets up a competition between two responses - the color that you want to name, and the automatic activation of the color word. Because of this interference, naming the color in which the word is printed takes longer. Interference is asymmetrical - the color in which a word appears does not lengthen response time to reading the words themselves.
-Lab Selective Attention:
In this experiment you were first confronted with the task of remembering words without knowing what kind of words would be presented. In the second experiment, you were given a cue as to what kind of words to expect.
Based on previous research on the capacity of working of memory, we would expect you to remember 5 to 9 words from the first experiment. If you are like most people, you will have remembered more items from the second list than the first. Furthermore, you are likely only to have remembered first names (12 in total), but none of the last names. Why? Maybe a silly question because you were given the assignment to focues on the first names. But there is more to it. While looking at the second list you had to decide for every word you looked at if it was a first name or not. Deciding whether or not the word is a first name means that you have focused
-Lab Stroop Effect’s Theory:
During the experiment, it was more difficult to indicate the color ink that the word was shown in when the word itself indicated a non-corresponding color. This is the Stroop Effect: the finding that people identify the color of a word more slowly when color and word are incongruent (for example, the word BLUE printed in a red color) than when color and word are congruent (for example the word BLUE printed in blue).
But why is identifying the color of a word in the incongruent conditions difficult? Recognizing words has become an automatic process; even without deliberately attending to the word, we can't help but recognize the meaning of the color words (called semantic activation). This sets up a competition between two responses - the color that you want to name, and the automatic activation of the color word. Because of this interference, naming the color in which the word is printed takes longer. Interference is asymmetrical - the color in which a word appears does not lengthen response time to reading the words themselves.
-Lab Selective Attention:
In this experiment you were first confronted with the task of remembering words without knowing what kind of words would be presented. In the second experiment, you were given a cue as to what kind of words to expect.
Based on previous research on the capacity of working of memory, we would expect you to remember 5 to 9 words from the first experiment. If you are like most people, you will have remembered more items from the second list than the first. Furthermore, you are likely only to have remembered first names (12 in total), but none of the last names. Why? Maybe a silly question because you were given the assignment to focues on the first names. But there is more to it. While looking at the second list you had to decide for every word you looked at if it was a first name or not. Deciding whether or not the word is a first name means that you have focused