Working Paper

V S M 2013

VALUES SURVEY MODULE 2013
MANUAL

by Geert Hofstede and Michael Minkov

NOT TO BE COPIED IN WHOLE OR IN PARTS WITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER

Release May 2013
Copyright @ Geert Hofstede BV [e-mail] ; www.geerthofstede.eu

Contents Page

1. Purpose of the VSM 2013: comparing national samples 2
2. The VSM 2013 is not for comparing individuals 3
3. The VSM 2013 is not for comparing organizations 4
4. VSM 2013 scores not comparable to published scores 5
5. The VSM 2013 is not a teaching tool 5
6. Formulas for index calculation 6
7. Reliability of the VSM 2013 9
8. Conditions for the use of the VSM 2013 10
9. History of the VSM 10
10. Comparison of the VSM 2013 with earlier versions 13
11. Translations of the VSM 2013 13
12. Submitting results for our files 14
13. References 15

1. Purpose of the VSM 2013: comparing national samples

The Values Survey Module 2013 (VSM 2013) is a 30-item paper-and-pencil questionnaire developed for comparing culturally influenced values and sentiments of similar respondents from two or more countries, or sometimes regions within countries. It allows scores to be computed on six dimensions of national culture, on the basis of four questions per dimension: thus it counts 6 x 4 = 24 content questions. The other six questions ask for demographic information: the respondent’s gender, age, education level, kind of job, present nationality, and nationality at birth.

The six dimensions measured were developed in the work of Geert Hofstede and his co-researchers, and are described extensively in the 3rd edition of Hofstede, Hofstede & Minkov, 2010. They deal with key issues in national societies, known from social anthropology and cross-cultural research..

The earliest public version of the

References: Chinese Culture Connection (a team of 24 researchers, 1987) “Chinese values and the search for culture-free dimensions of culture” Hofstede, Geert (1980) Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values Hofstede, Geert (1991) Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind Hofstede, Geert (2001) Culture’s Consequences, (Second Edition): Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions and Organizations Across Nations Hofstede, Geert and Michael Harris Bond (1988) “The Confucius connection: From cultural roots to economic growth” Hofstede, Geert and Robert R. McCrae (2004) “Personality and culture revisited: Linking traits and dimensions of culture” Hofstede, Geert and Gert Jan Hofstede (2005) Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind Hofstede, Geert, Gert Jan Hofstede and Michael Minkov (2010) Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind Hofstede, Geert, Bram Neuijen, Denise Daval Ohayv and Geert Sanders (1990) “Measuring organizational cultures: A qualitative and quantitative study across twenty cases” Hofstede, Geert, Adriana V. Garibaldi de Hilal, Sigmar Malvezzi, Betania Tanure and Henk Vinken (2010) “Comparing regional cultures within a country: Lessons from Brazil” Hoppe, Michael H. (1990) A Comparative Study of Country Elites: International Differences in Work-related Values and Learning and their Implications for Management Training and Development Inglehart, Ronald, Miguel Basañez and Alejandro Moreno (1998) Human Values and Beliefs: A Cross-Cultural Sourcebook Inglehart, Ronald, Miguel Basañez, Jaime Díez-Medrano, Loek Halman and Ruud Luijkx (2004) Human Beliefs and Values: A Cross-Cultural Sourcebook Based on the 1999-2002 Values Surveys. Mexico: Siglo XXI Editores Inglehart, Ronald and associates (2007 and ongoing) Minkov, Michael (2007) What Makes Us Different and Similar: A New Interpretation of the World Values Survey and Other Cross-Cultural Data Minkov, Michael (2011) Cultural Differences in a Globalizing World Minkov, Michael (2013) Cross-Cultural Analysis: The Science and Art of Comparing the World’s Modern Societies and Their Cultures Minkov, Michael and Hofstede, Geert (2010) “Long- versus short-term orientation: new perspectives” Minkov, Michael and Hofstede, Geert (2011) “The evolution of Hofstede’s doctrine” Minkov, Michael and Hofstede, Geert (2012) “Hofstede’s fifth dimension: New evidence from the World Values Survey” Van Vugt, Ronnie G.M.A. (2006) Culture’s Consequences Re-examined