What the Hell?

Practical 3: Eubacteria
Introduction
Eubacteria is one of the six kingdom of life that comprises of many organisms including bacteria, cyanobacteria and actinobacteria. They are prokaryotic cells, meaning lack of organelles compare to eukaryotic cells. They reproduce primarily by asexual reproduction.
We can differentiate bacteria by comparing the shapes or by using Gram staining. There are three most common shapes of bacteria, coccus (spherical), bacillus (rod-shaped) and spirillium (spiral).
Gram stain is developed in the 19th century by Danish physician, Hans Christian Gram. Through this technique, the bacterial species can be classify into two groups based on differences in cell wall composition. The Gram-positive bacteria usually have thick cell wall made of peptidoglycan and will appear purple after being stained. The other group of Gram stain is, Gram-negative bacteria, that have thinner layer of peptidoglycan and have a more complex structure compare to the Gram-positive bacteria. This Gram-negative bacteria will appear pink after the Gram stain reaction.
Cyanobacteria is a type of eubacteria. Also known as blue-green algae, compare to other bacteria, cyanobacteria are photosynthetic, meaning they can produce their own food.
Discussion
Gram stain is important in medical field, as it will quickly determine if a patient’s infection is due to gram-negative or to gram-positive bacteria. Gram negative bacteria are said to cause many infections because the lipids portions of the lipopolysaccharides in them are toxic and may cause fever or shock. Compare to Gram positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria are usually tend to be more resistant to antibiotics because their outer membrane block the entry of the drugs. However, certain species of gram-positive bacteria also resistant to one or more antibiotics because they have viruelent strains.`
Eubacteria
E coli
The Escherichia coli or e.coli is a rod-shaped, Gram negative bacteria. Their envelope comprise... [continues]

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