Preview

Western Civ Continuous or Discontinuous

Better Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1419 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Western Civ Continuous or Discontinuous
Is Human Development Continuous or Discontinuous?
Human Development is lifelong, continuous and discontinuous and goes in so many different directions throughout a lifespan. It is plastic, multidisciplinary and is embedded in a changing socio-historical context. I truly believe I live in a continuous development pattern, as I believe the rest of us hope our children to follow in our footsteps of continuity.
Sigmund Freud addresses continuous versus discontinuous in the understanding of mental illness. We tend to wonder if a mental illness if just an ordinary person taking something to an extreme, or if it is just a matter of degree. I think there is a difference in the way someone with a mental illness experiences reality. There are so many different kinds of mental illnesses so it is far more complicated than a single entity. There is even debate out there as to what exactly is considered a mental illness versus what is not. I guess to some it is all in the eyes of the beholder. What do we know about Sigmund Freud’s theory? His Psychoanalytic Theory is an intrinsic struggle between ego, id and superego. In children, it focuses mostly on the manifestation of disorders as seen from individual case studies. This theory has psychosexual stages which include oral (birth-1year), anal (1-3yr), Phallic (3-6yr), Latency (6-11yr) and Genital (Adolescence). This theory is unique in that it is a kind of lifespan and states that behavioral manifestations are a result of internal struggles. This theory emphasizes on the role of early experiences on child development and the mediating role of parents. Sigmund Freud proposed that if the child experienced anxiety, thwarting his or her sexual appetite during any libidinal (psychosexual) development stage, said anxiety would persist into adulthood as a neurosis, a functional mental disorder. The biggest problem with this theory is that it is hard to verify.
A continuity life is one that basically believes of having stages



References: Cleverly, John & Phillips, D.C. (1986) Visions of Childhood. Influential Models from Locke to Spock

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Case Study 6.2.3

    • 760 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Sigmund Freud believed that each stage of a child's development beginning at birth is directly related to specific needs and demands, each based on a particular body part and all rooted in a sexual base. While simplification of his theories is necessary in order to give an overview, he held beliefs that are quite complex. In order to understand the basics of his developmental stages, it is important to note a few things: Freud's age ranges varied a bit over the course of his work, largely because he acknowledged that development can vary a bit from individual to individual. Additionally, experience of the stages may overlap at times. Finally, Freud believed that the way that parents handle their children during each of the stages has a profound and lasting impact on the overall development of the child's psyche.…

    • 760 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    “Sigmund Freud developed an over-all view of personality in which behavior is a result of struggles among drives and needs that inevitably conflict (Cervone, Pervin, Oliver, 2005 p. 74).” The psychoanalytic theory view is that personality is developed gradually as the individual move through different psychosexual stages: oral, anal, and phallic. Sigmund Freud also theorized that a person operates from three states of being: the id, the superego, and the ego. “The Psychoanalytic theory places enormous emphasis on the role of early life events for later personality development (Cervone, Pervin, Oliver, 2005 p.112).”…

    • 1418 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Human development is the study of all aspects of constancy & change throughout the lifespan. Theories lend structure & meaning to the scientific study of development. This chapter provides an overview of philosophical & theoretical approaches to the study of human development from medieval to modern times & reviews majore research strategies used to study human behavior & development.…

    • 4638 Words
    • 26 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    essay 2 year 2

    • 2457 Words
    • 6 Pages

    During this essay the writer will evaluate the extent to which Freud’s theory of psychosexual development can help to understand a client’s presenting issue. Further on, the writer will describe Freud’s psychosexual theory and relationship with connection to adult neurotic behaviour. Lastly, the writer of this essay will look at the criticism around Freud’s theory.…

    • 2457 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    Sigmund Freud (1905) believed that everyone was progress through five psychosexual stages of development. The stages are oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital. Freund (1940) said, “sexual life does not being only at puberty, but starts with clear manifestations after birth”. Freud based his theory on sensual pleasures from different areas of the body. For example an infant explores objects with their mouth.…

    • 939 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Sigmund Freud (born 6 May 1856, died 23 September 1939) is an Austrian neurologist who became known as the founding father of psychoanalysis. When he was young, Sigmund Freud’s family moved from Frieberg, Moravia to Vienna where he would spend most of his life. His parents taught him at home after entering him in Spurling Gymnasium, where he was first in his class and graduated Summa cum Laude. After studying medicine at University of Vienna, Freud worked and gained respect as a physician. Through his work with respected French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot, Freud became fascinated with the emotional disorder known as hysteria. Freud believed that adult personality problems were the result of early experiences in life. He believed that we go through five stages of psychosexual development and that at each stage of development we experience pleasure in one part of the body than in others. Erogenous zones are parts of the body that have especially strong pleasure-giving qualities at particular stages of development. Freud thought that our adult personality is determined by the way we resolve conflicts between these early sources of pleasure - the mouth, the anus and the genitals - and demands of reality. Fixation is the psychoanalytic defense mechanism that occurs when the individual remains locked in an earlier development stage because needs are under or over gratified.…

    • 1751 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Some of the theories of development and how the frameworks to support development can influence practice:…

    • 1283 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The stages of Freud’s theory are Oral, Anal, Phallic, and Genital stage. The Oral stage is used to describe infants and…

    • 1113 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Life Span Perspective

    • 1185 Words
    • 5 Pages

    The science of human development is the quest to understand how and why people stay the same and why they change over their entire life time (Berger). The life span development perspective is lifelong and includes multi-dimensional, multi-directional, plastic, multi-disciplinary, and contextual (Santrock). Lifelong means development continues from conception to death. Multi-dimensional pertains to the three key domains of development which are biosocial, cognitive and psychosocial (Berger). These three domains cover the study of the mind, body and spirit. Multi-directional focuses on why and how development may decrease in one or more domains while decreasing in another over time and vice versa. Another characteristic of development is plasticity which focuses on the idea that our personality and identity can be formed over a period of time like a piece of plastic can be molded over a period of time which can be changed as plastic does show durability but can always be remolded. Plasticity gives one the sense of realism and hope. The realism is who someone is or has become based on many different factors. The hope is that one can always change and correct choices that have…

    • 1185 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    The ‘father’ of psychoanalytic approach is Sigmund Freud. Freud believed that human personality has a structure and develops over time. He proposed three parts: the id – in which the libido (an instinctual sexual drive) is centered; the ego – a much more conscious element that serves as the executive of the personality; and the superego – the center of conscience and morality, incorporating the norms and moral structures of family and society. In Freud’s theory, these three parts are not all present at birth. The infant and toddler is all id, all instinct, without the influence of the ego or the superego. The ego begins to develop in the years from age 2 to about 4, as the child learns to adapt some individual behaviours. Finally, the superego begins to develop before school age, as the child incorporates the parents’ values and cultural traditions. Freud also proposed the stages of psychosexual development. In each stage the libido is invested in that part of the body that is the most sensitive at that age. In a newborn the mouth, lips and tongue are the most sensitive parts of the body. The stage is therefore called oral stage. As neurological development progresses, the infant develops more sensation in the anus (hence the anal stage), and later in the genitalia ( the phallic and eventually…

    • 10603 Words
    • 43 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Theories of Personality

    • 1015 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Psychoanalytic perspective is based on Sigmund Frued perspectives about early experiences it focuses on the importance of the unconscious mind which contains thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories/past experiences in which we are unaware of. The id operates on the pleasure principle by satisfying basic urges, needs, and desires. Ego operates on the reality principle, satisfies the id’s desires in ways that it will cause pleasure instead of pain. Superego strives for perfection, positive feelings and negative feelings of guilt. These three systems were interactions of Frued’s view of personality structure. Freud perspective also focused on psychosexual stages which is the childhood stages of development. Defense mechanisms are methods of reducing anxiety. This perspective could account for the development of introverted and an extroverted personality…

    • 1015 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    interpretation of why are we dreaming. We usually dream at our REM sleep which is…

    • 1159 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Theories of sexuality can be attributed to a renowned psychologists; Sigmund Freud. Rued developed theories of sexuality after his long association and handling of female patients as a psychologist. His theory named psychoanalytic theory has been a key reference point in literature relating to sexuality. Sigmund saw sex as a key force in human life and this lead to his theory which gives full treatment to human sexuality. Freud terms the urge for sex or sex drive as libido and attributed this drive to human behaviour.…

    • 692 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    There are different views about the way in which psychological and physical development continue throughout our life span. In addition to individual differences, development psychologists agree that development occurs in an orderly way and in different areas at the same time. However it is clear that this can happen continually or discontinually.…

    • 445 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    The psychodynamic approach can be criticised as being based on biased and out of date evidence. Freud studied a relatively small sample of mainly female patients, and the focus of his theory on sexual desires and repression may reflect the time and society which he worked. His theory focuses on childhood as the cause of abnormality at the expense of the current situation, and yet he did not directly study any children. An even bigger criticism is that Freud’s theory was based on biased research- he may have interpreted the subjective evidence such that it supported his ideas. Furthermore, the ideas that the theory is based on are not…

    • 423 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays