was modernization theory anti marxist
According to the history of development theory, there are a wide variety of development paradigms that was emerged to assist all societies to develop economic, political, and social including cultural sectors. In order to eradicate the problem of poverty from all societies, especially third world nations; one of the most significant development paradigms that would effectively guide to overcome the problems is modernisation theory.
Modernisation theory was formulated as a tool of capitalism. It is generally based on the change of society from backwardness to modernity. It is also identify the development process from less developed societies to become developed by implement the same development pattern from advanced industrialized countries. Moreover, modernisation theory in which is well known, particularly the Rostow theory of stages - of – growth. The Rostow’s model, contradicts Marxist theory, due to the nature philosophical differences between capitalism and communism. However, both paradigms have some aspects in common. Thus, it cannot be deemed that modernisation theory completely against Marxist.
This essay will examine the relationship between modernisation theory through the stages-of-growth and Marxist theory. To structure the statement it will be divided into four parts. The first part will provide the background and logic of modernisation theory, followed by the development theorist’s perspectives on the theory of Modernisation. The second part, it will demonstrate the stages - of - growth presented by Rostow including with the criticisms. In the third part, it will elaborate the overview of Marxian theory and logic of Marxism that related to the growth stages. Finally, it will examine the point that modernisation theory by Rostow anti - Marxist, followed by comparison between the similarities and the differences of two paradigms as well as analyses whether the theory of modernisation anti – Marxist or not.
Modernisation
Modernisation theory was formulated as a tool of capitalism. It is generally based on the change of society from backwardness to modernity. It is also identify the development process from less developed societies to become developed by implement the same development pattern from advanced industrialized countries. Moreover, modernisation theory in which is well known, particularly the Rostow theory of stages - of – growth. The Rostow’s model, contradicts Marxist theory, due to the nature philosophical differences between capitalism and communism. However, both paradigms have some aspects in common. Thus, it cannot be deemed that modernisation theory completely against Marxist.
This essay will examine the relationship between modernisation theory through the stages-of-growth and Marxist theory. To structure the statement it will be divided into four parts. The first part will provide the background and logic of modernisation theory, followed by the development theorist’s perspectives on the theory of Modernisation. The second part, it will demonstrate the stages - of - growth presented by Rostow including with the criticisms. In the third part, it will elaborate the overview of Marxian theory and logic of Marxism that related to the growth stages. Finally, it will examine the point that modernisation theory by Rostow anti - Marxist, followed by comparison between the similarities and the differences of two paradigms as well as analyses whether the theory of modernisation anti – Marxist or not.
Modernisation
Bibliography: Apter, D. (1967) The Politics of Modernization, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. Cooper, F. & Packard, R. (eds) (1997) International Development and the Social Sciences: Essays on the History and Politics of Knowledge, London: University of California Press. Crane, G. T. & Amawi, A. (eds) (1997) The Theoretical Evolution of International Political Economy (second edition), New York: Oxford University Press. Dickson, A. (1997) Development and International Relations: A critical Introduction, Malden: Blackwell. Escobar, A. (1995) Encountering Development: The making and unmaking of the third world, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Harrison, D. (1988) The Sociology of Modernization and Development, London: Unwin Hyman. Hettne, B. (1995) Development Theory and The Three World (second edition), Essex: Longman. Hunt, D. (1989) Economic Theories of Development: An analysis of competing paradigm, Hertfordshire: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Huntington, S Itagaki, Y. (2007) ‘Criticism of Rostow’s Stages Approach: The concepts of stage, system and type’, The Developing Economies, 1(1): 1-17. Leys, C. (1996) The Rise and Fall of Development Theory, Oxford: James Currey. Martinussen, J Nayar, B. (1974) ‘The Modernization Imperative versus Social Mobilization’, Comparative Politics, 6(3): 341-366. O’brien, D. (1971) ‘Modernization, Order, and The Erosion of a Democratic Ideal’, Journal of Development Studies, 7: 141-60. Oman, C. and Wignaraja, G. (1990) The Postwar Evolution of Development Thinking, Riverside: University of California Press. Preston, P. (1996) Development Theory: An introduction, Oxford: Blackwell. Rist, G Rostow, W. W. (1971) The Stages of Economic Growth (second edition), London: Cambridge University Press. Shalom, P Simon, D. (2006) Fifty Keys Thinkers on Development, Oxon: Routledge. Sowell, T. (1985) Marxism: Philosophy and Economics, London: George Allen & Unwin. Thirlwall, A. (1987) Keynes and Economics Development, London: Macmillan. Tilly, C Todaro, M. (1992) Economic Development in The Third World (fourth edition), Essex: Longman. Tornquist, O. (1999) Politics and Development: A critical introduction, London: Sage.