Preview

Transactional Analysis - Communication

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
3345 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Transactional Analysis - Communication
Transactional analysis
Eric Berne 's Transactional Analysis - early TA history and theory
Transactional Analysis is one of the most accessible theories of modern psychology. Transactional Analysis was founded by Eric Berne, and the famous 'parent adult child ' theory is still being developed today. Transactional Analysis has wide applications in clinical, therapeutic, organizational and personal development, encompassing communications, management, personality, relationships and behaviour. Whether you 're in business, a parent, a social worker or interested in personal development, Eric Berne 's Transactional Analysis theories, and those of his followers, will enrich your dealings with people, and your understanding of yourself. This section covers the background to Transactional Analysis, and Transactional Analysis underpinning theory. See also the modern Transactional Analysis theory article. roots of transactional analysis
Throughout history, and from all standpoints: philosophy, medical science, religion; people have believed that each man and woman has a multiple nature.
In the early 20th century, Sigmund Freud first established that the human psyche is multi-faceted, and that each of us has warring factions in our subconscious. Since then, new theories continue to be put forward, all concentrating on the essential conviction that each one of us has parts of our personality which surface and affect our behaviour according to different circumstances.
In 1951 Dr Wilder Penfield began a series of scientific experiments. Penfield proved, using conscious human subjects, by touching a part of the brain (the temporal cortex) with a weak electrical probe, that the brain could be caused to 'play back ' certain past experiences, and the feelings associated with them. The patients 'replayed ' these events and their feelings despite not normally being able to recall them using their conventional memories.
Penfield 's experiments went on over several years, and

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Sigmund Freud was the first to think of the suggestion of a large unconscious that affects much of our behavior. He believed in The Id, The Ego, and The Superego, and that those parts of our mind controlled our behavior. The Id, running on the “pleasure principle”, is desires you have that are not socially acceptable. The Ego, running on the “reality principle”, is rational and logical thinking. The Superego, running on the “morality principle” represses the unacceptable desires of The Id and focuses on blending into social norms. Understanding the ideas of Freud can give you a different perspective of yourself and others due to whether the person displays examples of The Id, The Ego, and The Superego, showing the many factors that can come…

    • 532 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Psy/405 Week Two Paper

    • 1028 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Sigmund Freud was the first to propose the theory of psychoanalysis which is considered to be part of the psychodynamic theories. Many different psychodynamic theories exist and the main theme of them is the emphasis on unconscious motives and desires, in addition to early life experiences and how they contribute to ones personality. According to Freud’s theory, which was called psychoanalytic theory, personalities are formed due to the conflict between the unconscious aggression and sexual drives and the demands of society to rein them in (Feist & Feist, 2009). Freud postulated most processes that one has mentally is unconscious, he further broke down one’s level of awareness into three levels; conscious, preconscious, and the unconscious. The conscious is the information that one pays attention to and the only level of mental life available to an individual (Feist & Feist, 2009). The preconscious is the information the individual is not aware of but can access if needed. Freud believed that some information moved into the preconscious to save the individual unnecessary anxiety. The unconscious includes all of the urges, drives, and instincts which an individual is not aware of but they affect behavior, feelings, and words. Most people are aware of the obvious…

    • 1028 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Freud defined the human psyche as comprising of three parts, the unconscious or sub-conscious containing material that we are unable to bring into our conscious awareness and therefore unknowable. The preconscious which consists of information that is not at the present moment in our conscious awareness but is stored in our memory and can if need be easily recalled to the conscious level. And the conscious part of our mind which is where all current and new incoming content is…

    • 2740 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Thoughts on Freud

    • 1101 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Freud, S., Strachey, J., Freud, A., Rothgeb, C. L., Richards, A., & Scientific Literature Corporation. (1900). The standard edition of the complete psychological works of sigmund freud. London: Hogarth Press.…

    • 1101 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    The psychodynamic approach was proposed by Freud. This approach towards personality is based on the notion of underlying forces such as the id, ego and superego which are either present from birth or develop during childhood shape our behaviour and personality as such. Experiences in childhood are proposed to be the basis of human personality, according to Freud and as such Psychodynamic theory proposes that some undesirable unbalances between the id and superego can create the arising of ego defence mechanisms which explain individual differences in behaviour. Freudian theory has been adapted by neo-Freudians, however while psychodynamic theories and treatments from which are still often used and widely known across the world, other theories of personality offer completely different approaches to human individuality and explanations diverge and provide weaknesses for Psychodynamic theory.…

    • 1697 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Sigmund Freud’s (1909) case study, ‘Little Hans’ is the analysis of a five year old boy who suffered a phobia of horses’. Freud argued that Little Hans’ phobia of horses was caused by a displaced fear of his father. Clinical material derived directly from the treatment of the child, which served as the evidence Sigmund Freud required to support his theories on infantile sexuality Jarvis, 2000, p.149-295 vol3. The case history of ‘Little Hans can also be seen to support other elements of Freud’s theories, such as unconscious mental processes. Freud believed that the unconscious mind determines much of our behaviour and that we are motivated by unconscious emotional drives. Freud believed that the unconscious contains unresolved conflicts and has a powerful effect on our behaviour and experience. He argued that many of these conflicts will show up in our fantasies and dreams, but the conflicts are so threatening that they appear in disguised forms, in the shape of symbols Sigmund 1977 p168. Freud proposed that the adult personality has three…

    • 1653 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Freud vs. Jung Theories

    • 560 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Some debate over who is right over Freud and Jung’s theories are questionable. Freud’s theory believed our consciousness is a thin slice of the total mind and describes it in an imagine of an iceberg. Believed that our unconscious mind holds all of our experiences, memories, and repressed materials. Our unconscious motives often competed with our conscious and create internal conflict which is in neurotic symptoms (anxiety and depression). Also Freud believed personality consisted of three systems: The Id, Ego, and Superego. The Id contains a human's basic, instinctual drives including bodily needs, wants, desires, and impulses, particularly our sexual and aggressive drives. The ego comprises the organized part of the personality structure that includes defensive, perceptual, intellectual-cognitive, and executive functions. Lastly, the super-ego is the judicial branch of a persons personality and includes a person's moral code, the main concern being whether an action is good or bad. Sadly, these three aspects of personality also conflict resulting in neurotic behaviour.…

    • 560 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Ta and Gestalt

    • 3192 Words
    • 13 Pages

    ‘Transactional analysis (TA) means the exploration of all the component parts of psycho/social exchanges between people - in other words, finding out how people tick and what is going on between them.’ (www.functionalfluency.com/TA’s name).…

    • 3192 Words
    • 13 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    Sigmund Freud is a psychologist that he creates the first psychodynamic theory. This theory described how human’s personality was established and how they were operating, how the internal forces us to do or not do everything. Fred created the theory of the 3 levels of consciousness, psychosexual stage of development and defence mechanisms that described the idea and perspective about human personality. In this synopsis, discussion will be made about the impact of Freud’s theory, how they affect the development of psychology and the concepts of themselves and exploring the reason why the influence of Freud’s theory has declined.…

    • 1740 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Sigmund Freud is perhaps one of the most well-known theorists in regards to the study of the human psyche. Freud's model of the human psyche is comprised of three core elements: the Id, or the unconscious mind; things out of our awareness. The…

    • 537 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    ap psych

    • 1035 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Freud’s view of personality; a conflict between our aggressive, pleasure seeking biological impulses and the internalized social restraints against them, one’s personality is the result of our effort to resolve this basic conflict.…

    • 1035 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Freud (1856-1939), the founder of modern psychoanalysis, believed that the human psyche was inspired by powerful desires that begin at birth and need to be satisfied. These are critical to our behaviour up until the age of three and drive the id. For Freud there were two categories of desire at war within the id: ‘Eros' (the life instinct) and ‘Thanatos' (the death instinct). However, children quickly learn that the world puts restraints upon the degree to which these desires can be met. Humans therefore create the ‘ego', also known as the ‘reality principle', which takes into account the realities of society. The ego creates an awareness of self and others and is crucial to our interaction with the world. The ‘super-ego', which develops from the age of five, internalises and reflects the anger and disappointment of others. It produces feelings of guilt and creates a conscience. This guilty conscience grows into a life and power of its own and is un-reliant upon the rational thought and reflection of the individual. It is programmed into human beings by the negative reactions of other people, making it pre-rational and the…

    • 1888 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    Transaction Analysis

    • 2348 Words
    • 10 Pages

    When two people interact with each other there results a social transaction. Analysis of the social transactions is called Transactional Analysis (TA). A formal definition of TA is that it is “The study of moves people make in their dealing with each other and is based on the idea that people’s interactions resemble moves in games”.…

    • 2348 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Models of Communication

    • 314 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Transactional Model of communication shows that the elements in communication are interdependent. Each person in the communication act is both a speaker and a listener, and can be…

    • 314 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays

Related Topics