Extract DNA of virus from infected cell and run PCR. It will be the same process done with the bacterial DNA. You can also check symptoms. You can then use the sequenced DNA and compare it to the DNA of various viruses.…
Cysticercosis is spread by eating undercooked pork (Be careful --- This is a tricky question.) GUIDE and http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/cysticercosis/biology.html)…
Modern tests swab the targets hands or clothing and analyze the results using scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis test.…
starts out in wild rodents which are then bit by fleas. The fleas will transfer the plague between…
Provide blood samples into separate wells. Inject a protein base into the wells. Add a primary antibody and provide a wash. Add the secondary antibody, then wash.…
Epidemiology defined: The basic science of public health in which the causing factor, population, frequency, and relevant intervention is found in the case of an outbreak.…
(7) Cats are known to get many parasites or infectious microbes like roundworms, hookworms, giardia and campylobacter…
Diagnosis is made based on the clinical picture and the hematological features. A sample of the patients' blood is mixed with sheep's blood and if the patient has mono, the sheep's blood cells will stick together. Antibodies to sheep or horse red blood cells are positive in 90% of cases.…
articles. The infection is also spread by the fecal-oral route. Children and sometimes adults tend to…
Tularemia is an infective disease caused by the gram negative bacteria Francisella tularensi (F. tularensis), which is found in habitats limited to the Northern division. (misc.medscape.com)The disease got the name description in 1911 of a plague like illness found in ground squirrels in Tulare County, California, by Dr. Edward Francis. This bacteria is usually found in rabbits, and can also found in other small animals like rodents, muskrats, beavers, squirrels and field mice. It can as well be found in domestic animals like dogs, and cats. It is spread to humans by the bite of infected ticks, deer flies, contact with infected animals or diseased corpse, inhalation of airborne bacteria, and swallow of infected food or water.…
Elephantiasis is a growing endemic that is mostly affecting the tropical countries where insects are a huge problem. In most other climates the insect population is killed off almost completely with the colder temperatures especially frozen temperatures, hence why there are no bugs in Antarctica. In tropical areas insects live to grow and mature all year round which offers them uninterrupted life cycles and makes the disease infected insects so much harder to eradicate. Elephantiasis is caused by a couple of different things such as the bite of a mosquito, or that of a biting fly infected either of which is infected with a worm parasite. What this worm parasite does is it works its way into the body and causes a blockage that interrupts the regular lymphatic system flow. When this blockage happens, the lymph gets backed up in the upper, lower or genitalia extremity regions of the infected individual causing an abnormal accumulation of watery fluid in the tissues, better known as severe edema. The skin of the affected tissue area can become darker than the rest of the body, and grow in thickness. Sometimes the enlarged extremity or genitalia region can…
There are four categories of medication that would be used for treatment; those are anti-inflammatory drugs, immune system suppressors, antibiotics, and a miscellaneous category. Two commonly used anti-inflammatory drugs are Oral 5-Aminosalicylates and Corticosteroids. Oral 5-Aminosalicylates are only used if Crohn’s affects the colon because this kind of medication is not helpful with the Crohn’s that affects the intestines and comes with side effects that no one would that wants to keep their quality of life would want including nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, and headaches. Another category is the immune system suppressors. Azathioprine is a common immunosuppressant; this drug keeps patients in remission and to keep the body from attacking itself by suppressing the immune system. Although it is an expensive medication it is extremely effective but the side effects are not something to disregard. Patients on this medication have to be kept under close surveillance to make sure that blood cell counts are normal and that there is no inflammation of the liver or…
Throughout this course we have discussed the ways in which parasites manage to reside in a host, resist the immune system of the host, and keep the host alive long enough to successfully reproduce. Their ability to do this very thing has made them expert survivalists, and have allowed for adaption to the host. Researchers now know depending on the host, as well as the parasite, the form in which the parasite enters their host varies and will initiate a varying immune response. By studying parasite life cycles researchers have begun identifying the ways the typical immune system will respond to certain forms and species of parasites. By identifying the magnitude of the response, as well as the type of response researchers hope to develop more efficient vaccines and treatments for parasite burden, but in doing so have discovered the parasite host relationship offers information that can be utilized to treat immune related diseases in…
Schistosomiasis is also known as bilharziasis in respect to the German physician Theodore Bilharz who first described the cause of urinary schistosomiasis in 185, is second only to malaria in public health importance. The first doctor who described the entire life cycle of the disease was Brazilian parasitologist Piraja da Silva in 1908. The first known case of infection was discovered in 2014, in a child who lived 6,200 years ago. It was a common cause of death for Ancient Egyptians in the Greco-Roman period. It is a disease of poverty that leads to chronic ill-health. The infection is acquired when people come in contact with fresh water infested with the larval forms of parasitic blood flukes known as schistosomes. The schistosomes live in the veins where it drains the urinary tract and intestines. Majority of the eggs they lay are trapped in the tissues and…
Trypanosomiasis, otherwise known as African Sleeping sickness, is a parasitic infection that is concentrated heavily in central and sub-Saharan Africa. The following research conducted on Trypanosomiasis is based on the African country of Central African Republic where the people there are most affected by the infectious disease.…