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Toddlers: Nutrition and Energy Intake

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Toddlers: Nutrition and Energy Intake
NP20003 Nutrition through the Lifecyle
Question 3: Toddlers – must address issues regarding choice and influence of parental food habits on the food habits of this age group.

INTRODUCTION This study is focus on the dietary intake of a toddler. A toddler is a child with a range of age between 1 to 3 years old. Toddlers have the most rapid change on their physical characteristic during this phase. Most of the toddler’s diet is influence by their parents. To conduct this study, 9 toddlers became a respondent which consist of 7 boys and 2 girls. They came from 4 different places which are Kelantan, Pahang, Sabah and Sarawak. We are using 3 days dietary record to know their food intake. We have recorded all the data in Statistic Package for a Social Science (SPSS) to make comparison and using DietPlus to analyse the nutrient content of the food intake. Early childhood is a critical time for the development of food preferences and eating patterns. The development of eating behaviors is a complex process involving physiological and psychological underpinnings. Factors that influence dietary intakes and nutritional status of toddlers include food preferences, food availability, parental modeling and praise or reward for food consumption. (Stang, 2006) Parents should know how to achieve nutritional needs of toddlers and the potential impacts of early food preferences and eating habits over the long term. Because family’s food choices influence what foods are offered to children. (Kay et al, 2004)

Results T-test
Table 1: Mean of energy intake according to gender. Group Statistics | | Sex | N | Mean | Std. Deviation | Std. Error Mean | energy_avg | Male | 7 | 736.4571 | 162.36762 | 61.36919 | | Female | 2 | 1689.5067 | 1516.28207 | 1072.17333 |

p < 0.05 therefore, there is a significant different in dietary intake among toddlers in every day diet. Recommended energy intake for female is 910 kcal and 980 kcal for male.In conclusion, female



References: Stang J. 2006. Improving the Eating Patterns of Infants and Toddlers. Journal Of The American Dietetic Association. Kay M.F, Pac S, Devaniey B, Jankowski L. MS. 2004. Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study: What Foods Are Infants and Toddlers Eating?.Journal Of The American Dietetic Association Fox MK et al. 2006 Relationship between Portion Size and Energy Intake among Infants andToddlers: Evidence of Self-Regulation. J Am Diet Assoc. 106(1, Supplement 1):77–83. Ledikwe JH et al. 2005. Portion sizes and the obesity epidemic. JNutr 2005;135:905–9. KK, Ong et al. 2006. Dietary energy intake at the age of 4 months predicts postnatal weight gain and childhood body mass index. Pediarics, Mar; 117(3):e503-8 BA Swinburn et al Latner JD, Schwartz M. 1999. The effects of a high-carbohydrate, high-protein or balanced lunch upon later food intake and hunger ratings. Appetite 1999; 33(1): 119–28 Toddler Nutrition Omar Horodynski MA, Hoerr S, Coleman G. (2004). Nutrition education aimed at toddlers.Fam Community Health.;27:103-113. Coleman G, Horodynski MA, Contreras D, Hoerr SM. (2005). Nutrition education aimed at toddlers (NEAT) curriculum. Journal of Nutrition Education &amp; Behavior ;37:96-97. Patricia L. B. (2004). Childhood Eating Behaviors: Developmental and Sociocultural Considerations PsyD. Retrieved on 18 March 2013 from :http :// www . medscape.com/viewarticle/467523 Patti Bokony, Lauren Hunt, Teri Patrick Jennifer S. Savage, Jennifer Orlet Fisher, and Leann L. Birch. (2008). Parental Influence on Eating Behavior. National Institute of Health. J Law Med Ethics: 35(1): 22–34

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