Theory of Everything

STEPHEN W.

HAWKING
S P E C I A L A N N I V E R S A R Y E D I T I O N

THE THEORY OF

EVERYTHING
THE ORIGIN AND FATE OF THE UNIVERSE

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BOOKS

PHOENIX

Copyright ©2005 Phoenix Books First published under the title The Cambridge Lectures: Life Wo r k s Copyright © 1996 by Dove Audio, Inc. All rights reserved. Written permission must be secured from the publisher to use or reproduce any part of this book, except brief quotations in critical reviews and articles. ISBN: 1-59777-508-8 Library of Congress Cataloging-In-Publication Data Available Book Design by Sonia Fiore Printed in the United States of America Phoenix Books 9465 Wilshire Boulevard, Suite 315 Beverly Hills, CA 90212
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CONTENTS
Introduction FIRST LECTURE
ideas about the universe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

SECOND LECTURE
the expanding universe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13

THIRD LECTURE
black holes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35

FOURTH LECTURE
black holes ain’t so black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57

FIFTH LECTURE
the origin and fate of the universe . . . . . . . . . . . . .77

SIXTH LECTURE
the direction of time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .103

SEVENTH LECTURE
the theory of everything . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119
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INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137

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INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

I

n this series of lectures I shall try to give an outline of what we think is the history of the universe from the big bang to black holes. In the first lecture I shall briefly review past ideas about the universe and how we got to our present picture. One might call this the history of the history of the universe. In the... [continues]

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