Skeletal System Study Guide

Skeletal System Study Guide – Use the lecture folder to help you answer these questions. The more detail you add, the better prepared for the test you will be.
1. What are the functions of the skeleton? Support & Protection, Body Movement, Hemopoiesis, Mineral Storage
2. What is the difference between osteoclasts and osteoblasts? Osteoblast are cells that generate bones, osteoclasts are cells that destroy bone.
3. How many bones do we have in our body? 206
4. What do bones need in order to be healthy? Exercise, hormones, and vitamin d, a, & c.
5. Differentiate between tendons, ligaments and joints.
Tendon- a flexible but inelastic cord of strong fibrous collagen tissue attaching a muscle to a bone.
Ligaments- a short band of tough, flexible, fibrous connective tissue that connects two bones or cartilages or holds together a joint.
Joints- a structure in the human or animal body at which two parts of the skeleton are fitted together.
6. What are the 2 main divisions of the skeletal system? Differentiate between the 2 and what bones are within each.
-2 Divisions— Appendicular & Axial
-The axial skeleton consists of bones that form the axis of the body and support and protect the organs of the head, neck, and trunk the skull, the sternum, the ribs, the vertebral column
-The appendicular skeleton is composed of bones that anchor the appendages to the axial skeleton. The upper and lower extremities, the shoulder girdle, the pelvic girdle
7. Give the four general categories of bones and their descriptions.
Long Bones— strong, long, curved, and wide
Short Bones— short, spongy, cube-shaped
Irregular Bones— all bones that don’t fit into other categories
Flat Bones— protect vital human organs and muscle attachments
8. What is the most commonly broken bone in the body? Clavicle (Collarbone)
9. What are the cranial bones? Frontal, parietal, temporal, nasal, vomer, zygoma, maxilla, mandible, sphenoid, occipital, mastoid process, external auditory meatus
10. What are sutures (of the skeletal system) and give 2 examples? Coronal, sagittal, squamous, lambdoid
11. How many facial bones are there? What are they? 14. Mandible, maxilla, palatine, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, vomer, inferior nasal conchae
12. What are the 3 parts of the sternum? Upper portion, manubrium, lower xiphoid
13. How many ribs do we have? Differentiate between the 3 categories of ribs. 24. Vertebrosternal—attached to the sternum individually
Vertebrochondral—attached to the sternum indirectly
Vertebral—not attached to the sternum at all
14. How many bones make up the vertebral column and what are the five categories of vertebrae? 26. Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccygeal.
15. What do the curves of the spine allow? Allows your body to maintain balance, acts as a “spring”, and movement in several directions
16. What are the functions of the vertebral column? The vertebrae are support for the body's frame, keeping it standing upright. It connects the head to the rest of the body. To serve as protection for the spinal cord. The bony rings surround the sensitive spinal canal, which transmits the body's electrical transmissions from the brain to the rest of the body.
17. What are the main bones of the arm, forearm and hand? Humerus, radius, ulnar, phalanges, carpals, and metacarpals
18. Where are the femur, tibia and fibula? In the leg
19. What are the similarities between the hands and feet as far as the bones are concerned? The hand and foot are constructed on somewhat similar principles, each consisting of a proximal part, the carpus or the tarsus, a middle portion, the metacarpus, or the metatarsus, and a terminal portion, the phalanges.
20. What is the primary function of the pectoral girdle? position the shoulder joint and provide a base for arm movement
21. List some of the bones found in the pectoral girdle. ilium, pubis and ischium
22. What are the functions of the pelvic girdle? Provides strong, stable support for the vertebral column, protects the organs of the pelvis, provides a site for the lower limbs to attach to the axial skeleton.
23. What bones make up the pelvic girdle? Sacrum, coccyx, ilium, ischium, & pubis
24. How and why are the pelvic girdles different between men and women? The pelvis in males is heart-shaped, in females, it is oval. The pubic arch in females is a right angle, where the male is an acute angle. They differentiate because the bones have different organs to
25. What are the structural classes of joints and how do they differ? Fibrous, Cartilaginous, & Synovial.
Fibrous—Immoveable
Cartilaginous—Partially moveable
Synovial—Freely moveable
26. What are the functional classes of joints and how do they differ? What are the different types of movement?
27. What is the difference between a hinge, gliding, ball and socket and pivot joint? Give an example of each.
28. What are the main ligaments of the knee?
29. How is rheumatoid arthritis different from osteoarthritis?
30. Differentiate between a sprain and strain.