Thursday 09/05/13 1.1 Notes on Biology The Science of Biology
-Biology is the study of living things
*Cannot live in isolation
-Biologists study the diversity of life *Interactions within environments *Problems and Solutions *Biologists ask “Why?” and perform a scientific experimentation.
-Characteristics of living things *Have an orderly cell structure *Produce offspring *Grow and Develop *Adapt to changes in environment.
-Living things are organized *composed of one or more cells *cells contain DNA *parts function together -Unicellular-one cell -Multicellular-one or more cells
-Living things produce offspring *Reproduction is essential for the continuation of the species. -Sexual- two cells from different parents unite -Asexual- a cell splits to form two organisms
-Living things grow and develop *Organisms start as a single cell. *Growth results in the increase in the amount of living materials
Development - All of the changes that take place during the life of and organism. Like when kids get smarter over time.
Notes pg. 3 continued…
-Living things adjust to surroundings
*Environment: The air, water, minerals, organisms, and all other external factors surrounding and affecting a given organism at any time.
*Adaptation: any alteration in the structure or function of an organism or any of its parts that results from natural selection and by which the organism becomes better fitted to survive and multiply in its environment.
*Stimulus: Anything in an external or internal environment that causes an organism to react.
*Evolution: the gradual change in species over time.
-Homeostasis
*Homeostasis: regulation of organisms internal environment to maintain conditions suitable for survival (all living things do this)
*living things maintain homeostasis by using energy
-Methods of Biology *Observing *Making a hypothesis *Controlling experimentation *Analyzing results *Conclusions
-Observation: Noticing something in nature and asking “Why?” or “How?”
-Hypothesis: possible explanation to an observation and has to be testable. It also needs to be in the form of an answer.
-Controlled experimentation *Experimentation: investigation that tests a hypothesis.
IV: the variable that you change
DV: the variable that reacts to the change
*Controlled experiment: One variable is changed at a time.
Vs.
Controlled experimentation
Fieldwork
Controlling
No control
One variable is controlled
Lots of different variables are considered
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