The Descriptive Anatomy of Human Scalp
SCALP
Layers:-
* (S) Skin:- * Contains hair follicles which makes it hairy. * Has numerous sebaceous glands. * (C) Superficial fascia * Connects skin to the epicranial aponeurosis. * Provides an easy passage for blood vessels. * This layer is fibrous and dense in the middle and thin at the periphery. * Swelling in this part is not profuse but very painful. * Injury to the head till this layer causes profuse bleeding which can be stopped by applying pressure. * (A) Epicranial aponeurosis * Freely movable on the pericranium along with the overlying and adherent skin and fascia * Consists of two parts:- * Muscular part: has two muscles frontalis and occipitalis. * Aponeuratic part of third layer * Attached to frontalis muscle. * Posteriorly to external occipital protuberance and medial 1/3 of the superior nuchal line. * On the sides it is attached to the temporal line but sends a thin veil over temporal fascia along zygomatic process. * (L) Loose areolar tissue : * Extends anteriorly into the eyelids and up to root of the nose in the middle. * Posteriorly to the superior and highest nuchal lines. * On the side to the superior temporal lines. * Due to the frontalis muscle it has no bony attachment. * (P) Pericranium * Loosely attached to the underlying bone but is firmly adherent with the endocranium at the sutures.
INNERVATION / NERVE SUPPLY
There are 10 nerves that enter the scalp. Nerve supply is divided into 2 parts Preauricular (nerves entering in front of the ear) and posterior auricular (nerves entering behind the ear).
Preauricular
* Supratrochlear nerve * Supraorbital nerve * Zygomaticotemporal nerve * Temporal branch of facial nerve * Auriculotemporal nerve
Posterior auricular * Great auricular nerve * Posterior auricular nerve * Lesser occipital
Layers:-
* (S) Skin:- * Contains hair follicles which makes it hairy. * Has numerous sebaceous glands. * (C) Superficial fascia * Connects skin to the epicranial aponeurosis. * Provides an easy passage for blood vessels. * This layer is fibrous and dense in the middle and thin at the periphery. * Swelling in this part is not profuse but very painful. * Injury to the head till this layer causes profuse bleeding which can be stopped by applying pressure. * (A) Epicranial aponeurosis * Freely movable on the pericranium along with the overlying and adherent skin and fascia * Consists of two parts:- * Muscular part: has two muscles frontalis and occipitalis. * Aponeuratic part of third layer * Attached to frontalis muscle. * Posteriorly to external occipital protuberance and medial 1/3 of the superior nuchal line. * On the sides it is attached to the temporal line but sends a thin veil over temporal fascia along zygomatic process. * (L) Loose areolar tissue : * Extends anteriorly into the eyelids and up to root of the nose in the middle. * Posteriorly to the superior and highest nuchal lines. * On the side to the superior temporal lines. * Due to the frontalis muscle it has no bony attachment. * (P) Pericranium * Loosely attached to the underlying bone but is firmly adherent with the endocranium at the sutures.
INNERVATION / NERVE SUPPLY
There are 10 nerves that enter the scalp. Nerve supply is divided into 2 parts Preauricular (nerves entering in front of the ear) and posterior auricular (nerves entering behind the ear).
Preauricular
* Supratrochlear nerve * Supraorbital nerve * Zygomaticotemporal nerve * Temporal branch of facial nerve * Auriculotemporal nerve
Posterior auricular * Great auricular nerve * Posterior auricular nerve * Lesser occipital