Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot
FranciAnn G Lewandowski
Pasco-Hernando Community College
Abstract
This paper discusses the disease Tetralogy of Fallot. Found within is disease description, etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations/signs & symptoms, diagnosis of the disease and related lab tests, clinical and medical management of the disease including collaborative disciplines, and prognosis of living with the disease. There is also a section that describes nursing care, complete with NANDA approved diagnoses, outcomes, interventions and rationale for the interventions.
Key words: tetralogy of Fallot, congenital heart defects Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart defect [CHD] (PubMed Health, 2011; National Institutes of Health – National Heart Blood and Lung Institute [NIH-NHBLI], 2011; Wikipedia, 2012). It is rare (PubMed Health, 2011), and according to Children’s Hospital and Clinics of Minnesota it occurs in two to five out of every 10,000 births, and accounts for 9-14% of all congenital heart defects, and affects boys and girls equally (2012). Figure 1. Anatomy and physiology of the heart. Side A shows the structure and blood flow inside a normal heart. Side B shows a heart with the four defects of tetralogy of Fallot (National Institutes of Health – National Heart Blood and Lung Institute [NIH-NHBLI], 2011) The tetralogy is a combination of four different defects within the heart. See Figure 1. The first is a ventricular septal defect (VSD), which is a hole between the left and right ventricles. The second is an overriding aorta. The aorta, instead of rising from the left ventricle, is located further to the right, directly above the VSD. Third, there is pulmonary valve stenosis. The narrowing of the pulmonic valve induces the right side of the heart to work harder to push blood through it and results in the fourth defect, right ventricular hypertrophy (Children’s MN, 2012).
FranciAnn G Lewandowski
Pasco-Hernando Community College
Abstract
This paper discusses the disease Tetralogy of Fallot. Found within is disease description, etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations/signs & symptoms, diagnosis of the disease and related lab tests, clinical and medical management of the disease including collaborative disciplines, and prognosis of living with the disease. There is also a section that describes nursing care, complete with NANDA approved diagnoses, outcomes, interventions and rationale for the interventions.
Key words: tetralogy of Fallot, congenital heart defects Tetralogy of Fallot
Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common form of cyanotic congenital heart defect [CHD] (PubMed Health, 2011; National Institutes of Health – National Heart Blood and Lung Institute [NIH-NHBLI], 2011; Wikipedia, 2012). It is rare (PubMed Health, 2011), and according to Children’s Hospital and Clinics of Minnesota it occurs in two to five out of every 10,000 births, and accounts for 9-14% of all congenital heart defects, and affects boys and girls equally (2012). Figure 1. Anatomy and physiology of the heart. Side A shows the structure and blood flow inside a normal heart. Side B shows a heart with the four defects of tetralogy of Fallot (National Institutes of Health – National Heart Blood and Lung Institute [NIH-NHBLI], 2011) The tetralogy is a combination of four different defects within the heart. See Figure 1. The first is a ventricular septal defect (VSD), which is a hole between the left and right ventricles. The second is an overriding aorta. The aorta, instead of rising from the left ventricle, is located further to the right, directly above the VSD. Third, there is pulmonary valve stenosis. The narrowing of the pulmonic valve induces the right side of the heart to work harder to push blood through it and results in the fourth defect, right ventricular hypertrophy (Children’s MN, 2012).
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