Synthesis of 1-Bromobutane
November 15, 2007
Synthesis of 1-Bromobutane
Introduction:
The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol and sodium bromide. In order for this reaction to reach completion there are four major operations that need to be performed. The four major operations include refluxing, simple distillation, separation, and drying.
To begin, in order for the compounds to react they will be dissolved in water and sulfuric acid will be added. The addition of sulfuric acid will then generate hydrobromic acid, an important product in the reaction mixture. The hydrobromic acid will react with the 1-butanol when heat is added to the flask during refluxing. Refluxing is the heating of a flask to boiling and then allowing the vapors to condense and run back into the reaction flask. Refluxing is a good way of keeping a reaction at a constant temperature. After refluxing is complete the reaction is allowed to distill by way of simple distillation. The simple distillation process is used to help remove and purify a particular substance, in this case the 1-bromobutane, from other components in the reaction flask. However, since the boiling point of 1-bromobutane is 101°C and the boiling point of water is 100°C it would be expected that there would be a large amount of water that will distill out of the flask along with the 1-bromobutane. Other remaining reactants such as a small amount of alcohol and/or acid may also be distilled out along with the water or 1-bromobutane. Since there is such a high probability of other components in the distillate, separation processes will need to be carried out. Sulfuric acid is first added to the 1-bromobutane layer to remove any leftover starting material and after the 1-bromobutane layer is isolated sodium hydroxide solution is added to remove any remaining acid. Drying using anhydrous calcium chloride pellets is then used to remove any remaining water in the solution and then the simple distillation
Synthesis of 1-Bromobutane
Introduction:
The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize 1-bromobutane from 1-butanol and sodium bromide. In order for this reaction to reach completion there are four major operations that need to be performed. The four major operations include refluxing, simple distillation, separation, and drying.
To begin, in order for the compounds to react they will be dissolved in water and sulfuric acid will be added. The addition of sulfuric acid will then generate hydrobromic acid, an important product in the reaction mixture. The hydrobromic acid will react with the 1-butanol when heat is added to the flask during refluxing. Refluxing is the heating of a flask to boiling and then allowing the vapors to condense and run back into the reaction flask. Refluxing is a good way of keeping a reaction at a constant temperature. After refluxing is complete the reaction is allowed to distill by way of simple distillation. The simple distillation process is used to help remove and purify a particular substance, in this case the 1-bromobutane, from other components in the reaction flask. However, since the boiling point of 1-bromobutane is 101°C and the boiling point of water is 100°C it would be expected that there would be a large amount of water that will distill out of the flask along with the 1-bromobutane. Other remaining reactants such as a small amount of alcohol and/or acid may also be distilled out along with the water or 1-bromobutane. Since there is such a high probability of other components in the distillate, separation processes will need to be carried out. Sulfuric acid is first added to the 1-bromobutane layer to remove any leftover starting material and after the 1-bromobutane layer is isolated sodium hydroxide solution is added to remove any remaining acid. Drying using anhydrous calcium chloride pellets is then used to remove any remaining water in the solution and then the simple distillation
References: ChemFinder. 2004. CambridgeSoft Corporation. Cambridge, MA. www.chemfinder.com Dickneider, T.A. 2007. Chemistry 232 Lecture Workbook. Spectral Database for Organic Compounds SDBS. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology. Williamson, K.L., R.D. Minard, and K.M. Masters. 2006. Macroscale and Microscale Organic Experiments. 5th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company College Division, Boston, MA. Yurkanis Bruice, P. 2006. Organic Chemistry. 5th Ed. Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey.