Study of Metals
University of Balamand
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering Lab
CHEN 215
Title: Study of Gold metal
Date: 14/01/2013
Submitted to: Dr Sami Habib
Submitted by: Jamil Mahfoud (A1010659)
I- General introduction about metals: a- Historical background
Back to 6000 BC, process metallurgy is known as one of the oldest applied sciences. Despite that the form of metals was very basic but it has a big impact on the society because of its wide uses especially as tools for agriculture or hunting and even as artistic styles later on.
There are 86 known metals so far that were discovered by time. From the first metal "Gold" discovered at 6000 BC, only 7 metals were known at antiquity "gold, copper, iron, lead, mercury, silver and tin". Later on metals were combined into alloys like bronze that is formed by a combination of copper and tin. Platinum and zinc are one of the few discoveries of metals before the industrial age where an important development occurs for a purer smelting, hotter furnaces and a greater control of alloys.
Alchemy was a chemical philosophy in order to turn basic metals to gold. It began in the medieval Arab world and the goal was to turn lead to gold. For this aim, a lot of techniques were developed and used till today. Alchemists in the early Islamic practitioners created specific laboratories and developed lot of processes and procedures in order to accomplish the formation of gold from other metals.
Graph.1: The evolution of metals
The graph above shows an explosion in the discovery of metals after 1700 where science began to expand due to some discoveries by many scientists such as Joseph Priestly (discovery of oxygen), Henry Cavendish (hydrogen), and later on Cavendish and Benjamin Franklin innovation in electricity that was a big push for a better purifying tool for scientists that came after.
As people demands increase in buildings, railroads, and
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering Lab
CHEN 215
Title: Study of Gold metal
Date: 14/01/2013
Submitted to: Dr Sami Habib
Submitted by: Jamil Mahfoud (A1010659)
I- General introduction about metals: a- Historical background
Back to 6000 BC, process metallurgy is known as one of the oldest applied sciences. Despite that the form of metals was very basic but it has a big impact on the society because of its wide uses especially as tools for agriculture or hunting and even as artistic styles later on.
There are 86 known metals so far that were discovered by time. From the first metal "Gold" discovered at 6000 BC, only 7 metals were known at antiquity "gold, copper, iron, lead, mercury, silver and tin". Later on metals were combined into alloys like bronze that is formed by a combination of copper and tin. Platinum and zinc are one of the few discoveries of metals before the industrial age where an important development occurs for a purer smelting, hotter furnaces and a greater control of alloys.
Alchemy was a chemical philosophy in order to turn basic metals to gold. It began in the medieval Arab world and the goal was to turn lead to gold. For this aim, a lot of techniques were developed and used till today. Alchemists in the early Islamic practitioners created specific laboratories and developed lot of processes and procedures in order to accomplish the formation of gold from other metals.
Graph.1: The evolution of metals
The graph above shows an explosion in the discovery of metals after 1700 where science began to expand due to some discoveries by many scientists such as Joseph Priestly (discovery of oxygen), Henry Cavendish (hydrogen), and later on Cavendish and Benjamin Franklin innovation in electricity that was a big push for a better purifying tool for scientists that came after.
As people demands increase in buildings, railroads, and