Study Guides

Ch. 18 Study Guide   ---- 20 points DUE MONDAY, NOVEMBER 26th

Define the following key terms (pg. 617)
Natural philosophy
- Science during the scientific revolution

Copernican hypothesis
- Earth was grand size, no crystal sphere; stated earth was just another planer
- Destroyed Aristotle physics

Experimental method
-Galileo; conducted control experiment to find what happened

Law of inertia
-Galileo; an object in motion stays in motion unless stopped by external force

Law of universal gravitation
-Newton; every body attracts another in a math relationship; force is proportional to quantity of matter & is inversely proportional to square distance between them.

Empiricism
-Francis Bacon; inductive reasoning: reasoning from detailed facts to general principles

Cartesian dualism
-Desacartes reasoning; deductive reasoning: mind and matter

Scientific community
- intelligent group linked by scientific interest & values

Enlightenment
-new world perspective in the 18th century
- began with the scientific revolution

Rationalism
- Secular/ Critical way of thinking

Progress
- main focus of continuing forward in the Scientific Revolution

Skepticism
- Questioning and doubting everything

Tabula rasa
- John Locke; human mind being a blank tablet at birth


Philosophes
- group of French intelligence who brought light of knowledge to ignorant people during the Enlightenment

Separation of powers
- political power divided by a   variety of powers & legal estates holding unequal rights & privileges.

Reading revolution
- New style of enlightenment reading in france
- Individually/ Silent/ Quickly Reading

Salons
- Elegant drawing room where elites met to discuss & debate Enlightenment topic: France

Rococo
-style of pastels, love, sentimental portraits & ornament interiors

Public sphere
- Institution with philosophes discussions

General will
- Rousseau
- the interests in people

Racial difference
-... [continues]

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