Throughout the mid 1920s Germanys economy was able to achieve certain stability and prosperity. The Dawes plan in 1924 had a substantial impact on Germanys ability to regain steadiness economically. The $800 million loan from America allowed Germany less strain on reparations. It also resulted in France agreeing to leave the Ruhr, stopping passive resistance. This allowed Germany to finally begin production of natural resources. Gustav Stresemann’s idea of increasing tax, lowering of government staff and government spending further assisted Germanys weak economy by saving money, hence increasing stability. The Young Plan in 1929 was seen as an economic step forward. Putting a deadline on when reparations had to be paid ultimately reduced the overall sum of reparations. As a result of the Dawes and Young plan, hyperinflation was terminated, relieving masses of middle class citizens. Although this was a positive step forward for Germany, it triggered a bitter resentment from the right wing towards the Weimar Republic. Whether or not Germanys prosperity and stability experienced by the Weimar republic through the 1920s was superficial, it saw a huge opportunity of Germany to gain international standing.…
Treaty of Versailles - The new German government was required to surrender approximately 10 percent of its prewar territory in Europe and all of its overseas possessions. The harbor city of Danzig (now Gdansk) and the coal-rich Saarland were placed under the administration of the League of Nations, and France was allowed to exploit the economic resources of the Saarland until 1935. The German Army and Navy were limited in size. Kaiser Wilhelm II and a number of other high-ranking German officials were to be tried as war criminals. Under the terms of Article 231 of the treaty, the Germans accepted responsibility for the war and, as such, were liable to pay financial reparations to the Allies, though the actual amount would be determined by an Inter-Allied Commission that would present its findings in. Germans would grow to resent these harsh conditions imposed by the Treaty of Versailles.…
The final treaty that was agreed on was the Treaty Of Versailles. Germany thought they were getting Wilson’s peace plan but instead, they got this. The Treaty of Versailles consisted of many ways of punishing Germany. The war guilt clause was a part of the treaty. The war guilt clause stated that Germany had to accept the blame of causing the war. Another part noted that Germany had to give up it’s colonies. It also consisted of the fact that Germany had to pay all war costs. This means they had to pay their war cost, as well as the Allies‘ war costs, which was over $200 billion. The Allies also wanted to disarm Germany. This meant that they wanted to cut off Germany’s army and navy, so they wouldn’t be able to fight another war for a long time.…
Countless political problems were directly caused by the Versailles Treaty. The Big Four consisted of Prime Minister David Lloyd George of Britain, Prime Minister Georges Clemenceau of France, Prime Minister Orlando Vittorio of Italy, and President Woodrow Wilson of America. They met at the lavish palace of Versailles Wilson brought his Fourteen Points plan, which would supposedly end war forever if followed. He called for open diplomacy, free trade, and political freedom for Russia (Doc. 1). As the only head of state at the meeting, Wilson undoubtedly had America’s best interests in mind. He was, however, an arrogant man, and he was spoiled and thus held high expectations. Wilson also spoke to Congress in 1919 and addressed the ever-increasing nationalistic wave; he encouraged African and Asian countries to follow suit (Doc. 2). The bulk of the Versailles Treaty doled out Germany’s numerous punishments for “starting the war.” Germany was forced to pay for all of the damage caused by the war, and their army had to be exceptionally reduced. Germany lost great amounts of their land. The Baltic countries that were so adamant in getting their independence from the Ottoman Empire received it, but as a huge, joint country known as Yugoslavia. Land was also taken by Germany and pulled together to form Czechoslovakia (Doc. 8).Germany, however, remained somewhat optimistic and tried to regain their power. If anything, their…
Nazi foreign policy was inherently nationalistic and expansionistic, and as Hitler calculated, German hegemony in Europe would require war, especially in Eastern Europe. In the words of Carl von Clausewitz “war is simply the continuation of policy by other means”; this would prove the case for Hitler as the final step of his foreign policy up until 1939 involved the invasion and occupation of Poland. Moving and preparing the ‘Wehrmacht’ into action was a process of several years and was inextricably linked to other elements of foreign policy. Nazi withdrawal from the “League of Nations” and “Geneva Disarmament Conference” in 1933 made it abundantly clear that multilateralism played no role in Nazi foreign policy. Rearmament peaked in the years of 1933-1936, with the Nazi war timetable being actualised in the reoccupation of the Rhineland in 1936. Nazi foreign policy to this degree, suffered no real hiccups thanks not to the proficiency and aggression of Hitler, but to the inaction of Allied powers in their appeasement policies towards Germany. The remilitarisation of the Rhineland and the passive reaction from the international community could be seen as a success for Nazi foreign policy as it not only put Germany into a greater position of power, but also proved the flexibility of…
The Treaty of Versailles was a monumental stage in German history, helping to shape German history for arguably the best part of thirty years. It can be argued that the Treaty was the most significant event since the unification of Germany in 1890. The short term consequences were also highly prominent as over 300,000 Germans fled to America in the years 1917-23. Moreover many Germans were aggrieved by the Treaty, this lead to public exploits (Kapp Putsch and Munich Putsch) that lead to casualties accumulating into the 1000’s. With so much death and despair in Germany in the 1920’s the Treaty of Versailles effectively crippled Germany both economically and mentally. Furthermore the effects did not only stretch to the late 20’s, Hitler used the Treaty as a major campaigning point to secure chancellorship in 1933. Hitler still held severe indignations over the Treaty of Versailles and still held a personal vendetta with the parent countries that imposed such harsh terms on Germany in 1917. Although the Treaty of Versailles was a pivotal stage in shaping German history there are other corresponding factors such as the erection of the Berlin wall in 1961, consequently perpetually separating East and West Berlin for 28 years. After the wall came down in 1989, Germany became reunified in 1990, arguably the most significant turning point in German history as it enabled Germany to prosper as a whole nation, since then Germany has gone on to establish itself as a world superpower, both militarily and economically. It is difficult to come to a definitive answer on what the biggest turning point is, however I plan to analyse pivotal points in German history, dating from 1917-1990.…
As the war neared its conclusion, Germany was tired and depleted. The people were revolting and the government was in upheaval. With the political revolution, Ebert Groener formed a coalition government (mainly of left wing socialist groups) and lead Germany towards the creation of the Weimar Republic. It set about to reform Germany and hopefully present it in a more favourable light with the impending end of the war. As it culminated, the Allied forces laid out their peace terms unto Germany in what became known as the Treaty of Versailles. It set out limitations and sanctions upon the German state that were to until long into the future. The key points were that of the demilitarisation of the Rhineland, the return of Alsace-Lorraine to France, the shifting of the Polish Corridor into Polish hands, the German army being limited to 100,000 men and its navy to six battleships and no submarines, it was also not allowed an air force and that Germany was ultimately responsible for causing all the loss and damage caused by the war and ordered to pay reparations of 132 billion marks. The reparations clause was the key one: Germany simply could not afford to pay the fines. The German people had in fact hoped to be treated leniently after the transition to a democracy within Germany in January 1919 and that the final…
Met at Versailles in 1919 with intentions of a peace settlement and high German reparations…
Within two years of consolidating power over Germany, Hitler and the Nazi Party had commenced operations to reverse the provisions of the Treaty of Versailles which had treated the German people in an unfair manner. Among these reversals included foreign diplomatic measures which would ensure that Germany would annex the territories it had lost at the conclusion of World War One. In September of 1938, with Europe on the brink of yet another major war, Great Britain’s Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain called the four powers – Germany, Italy, France, and Great Britain – to convene in Munich and address German aggression against Czechoslovakia and the Sudetenland. Among Neville Chamberlain’s goals for the conference was the notion to avoid…
Germany signs the Locarno treaty and regains international respectability. This agrees borders and allows Germany to join the League of Nations.…
He believed that the income tax should remain progressive but with lower rates, cutting the taxes and reduce federal state tax, and that will cause an efficiency in government. He leaved the office after onset of the great depression. In 1921-1922, the world’s largest naval powers gathered in Washington D.C for an international conference to converse about military disarmament and growing tension in Asia. This conference involved five countries (U.S, Great Britain, Japan France and Italy). It was the cornerstone of naval disarmament program, which each of the countries involved to maintain a set ratio of warship tonnage. The conference adopted the 5:5:3 ratio limits. Therefore, these countries maintained navies in pacific and Atlantic oceans to support their colonial territories. Then, Germany in 1924 was applied the Dawes Plan. It was formulated to take Germany out of hyperinflation and return Weimar’s economy to some form of stability. Charles negotiated some kind of agreements that it would loan Germany money and help them reorganize their finances. An example is that Germans did not make payments of reparations of WWI. After, The Kellogg Briand pact was signed on August 27, 1928. The purpose was preventing another world war, but it had little effect in stopping the world war II. United States and France made alliance if France was ever threatened. So, these…
Germany had little option but to sign this treaty or face the threat of the Allies invading Germany. This was not the view of the German people. They felt they were stabbed…
Systematically, Gustav Stresemann managed to build up Germany’s economy again. The Dawes Plan of 1924 helped to sort out Germany’s economic chaos and also helped to get the economies of Britain and France moving again. The Dawes Plan was an attempt in 1924 to solve the reparations problem. The USA loaned Germany 800 million marks to help revive its ruined economy. The reparations payments were also spread over a longer period giving Germany plenty of time. Some of the money went into German businesses, public works such as swimming pools, sports stadiums and apartment blocks. As well as providing facilities these projects created jobs. In 1925 the Locarno Plot was signed with France and Belgium in which the countries agreed to respect the borders between them. Following that in 1926 Germany joined the League of Nations. The acceptance of Germany back into the international community was reinforced in 1928 when it was one of the 60 countries signing the Kellogg-Briand Pact against the use of war in foreign policy. Meanwhile during the mid-1920s the German citizens seemed to have accepted the Weimar Republic. There was less demand for the return of the Kaiser, who had abdicated in 1918. This…
World War I, was the basis for many peace treaties and paved the road for future nations and…
In February 1932 the long-promised Disarmament Conference finally got under way. By July 1932 it had produced resolutions to prohibit bombing of civilian populations, limit the size of artillery, limit the tonnage of tanks, and prohibit chemical warfare. But there was very little in the resolutions to show how these limits would be achieved. It was not a promising start. However, there was a bigger problem facing the Conference – what to do about Germany. The Germans had been in the League for six years. Most people now accepted that they should be treated more equally than under the Treaty of Versailles. The big question was whether everyone else should disarm to the level that Germany had been forced to, or whether the Germans should be allowed to rearm to a level closer to that of other powers.…