Smoke Control by Pressurisation
FLÄKT WOODS LIMITED
FANS IN FIRE SAFETY
SMOKE CONTROL BY PRESSURISATION
By: J.A. WILD, C.ENG; F.I.MECH.E. November 1998 (Third Edition)
© Copyright 2000 Fläkt Woods Limted England.
2
CONTENTS
PAGE NO:
Summary
4
Chapter One
Smoke Control By Pressurisation - Basics
5-6
Chapter Two
Why Pressurisation?
7-8
Chapter Three
The Pressurisation System
9 - 16
Chapter Four
Air Requirements of a Pressurisation System
17- 20
Chapter Five
Fan Selections
21- 27
Chapter Six Appendix One
Fans for Pressurisation Systems References
28 - 29 30
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to acknowledge the assistance he received from Mr Cyril Moss, KG Smoke Dispersals Ltd and Mr E Gorden Butcher of Fire Check Consultants with the preparation of this paper.
3
WOODS AIR MOVEMENT LIMITED
Fans for Pressurisation Systems
By: J.A. WILD, C.ENG; F.I.MECH.E.
SUMMARY There are basically two main methods for controlling smoke in buildings to prevent it contaminating escape routes - by Ventilation and by Pressurisation. Fans for Fire Smoke Venting (Ref 1) examines the motivation behind the increased use of Powered Ventilators for the exhausting of hot smoke from fires and determines their requirements and specifications. This paper undertakes a similar task to determine the requirements and specification for FANS IN PRESSURISATION SYSTEMS, based on the requirements of BS5588 Part4:1998.
4
CHAPTER 1
Smoke Control By Pressurisation - Basics
1.1 BASIC PRINCIPLES Fire induced forces create pressure differences across doors etc, which allow smoke to flow through any gaps present. By altering these pressure differences we can control the movement of smoke. The two BASIC PRINCIPLES of smoke control were defined by JH KLOTE (Ref 2) as:a) Airflow can control smoke movement if the average VELOCITY is of sufficient magnitude. b) A PRESSURE difference across a barrier can act to control smoke movement. Although
FANS IN FIRE SAFETY
SMOKE CONTROL BY PRESSURISATION
By: J.A. WILD, C.ENG; F.I.MECH.E. November 1998 (Third Edition)
© Copyright 2000 Fläkt Woods Limted England.
2
CONTENTS
PAGE NO:
Summary
4
Chapter One
Smoke Control By Pressurisation - Basics
5-6
Chapter Two
Why Pressurisation?
7-8
Chapter Three
The Pressurisation System
9 - 16
Chapter Four
Air Requirements of a Pressurisation System
17- 20
Chapter Five
Fan Selections
21- 27
Chapter Six Appendix One
Fans for Pressurisation Systems References
28 - 29 30
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author wishes to acknowledge the assistance he received from Mr Cyril Moss, KG Smoke Dispersals Ltd and Mr E Gorden Butcher of Fire Check Consultants with the preparation of this paper.
3
WOODS AIR MOVEMENT LIMITED
Fans for Pressurisation Systems
By: J.A. WILD, C.ENG; F.I.MECH.E.
SUMMARY There are basically two main methods for controlling smoke in buildings to prevent it contaminating escape routes - by Ventilation and by Pressurisation. Fans for Fire Smoke Venting (Ref 1) examines the motivation behind the increased use of Powered Ventilators for the exhausting of hot smoke from fires and determines their requirements and specifications. This paper undertakes a similar task to determine the requirements and specification for FANS IN PRESSURISATION SYSTEMS, based on the requirements of BS5588 Part4:1998.
4
CHAPTER 1
Smoke Control By Pressurisation - Basics
1.1 BASIC PRINCIPLES Fire induced forces create pressure differences across doors etc, which allow smoke to flow through any gaps present. By altering these pressure differences we can control the movement of smoke. The two BASIC PRINCIPLES of smoke control were defined by JH KLOTE (Ref 2) as:a) Airflow can control smoke movement if the average VELOCITY is of sufficient magnitude. b) A PRESSURE difference across a barrier can act to control smoke movement. Although