Shock: Blood and Fluid Resuscitation
Shock
Shock is a syndrome characterized by decreased tissue perfusion and impaired cellular metabolism. This results in an imbalance between the supply of and demand for oxygen and nutrients. The exchange of oxygen and nutrients at the cellular level is essential to life. When a cell experiences a state of hypoperfusion, the demand for oxygen and nutrients exceeds the supply at the microcirculatory level.
Classification of Shock
The four main categories of shock are * cardiogenic,: * hypovolemic, * absolute hypovolemia * relative hypovolemia * distributive: * neurogenic shock * anaphylactic shock * septic shock * obstructive
multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) target organs * cardiovascular dysfunction * lung dysfunction * gastrointestinal dysfunction * liver dysfunction * CNS dysfunction * Renal dysfunction * Skin dysfunction
Although the cause, initial presentation, and management strategies vary for each type of shock, the physiologic responses of the cells to hypoperfusion are similar.
Relationship of shock, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. CNS, Central nervous system.
cardiogenic shock shock occurring when either systolic or diastolic dysfunction of the myocardium results in compromised cardiac output either systolic or diastolic dysfunction of the pumping action of the heart results in reduced cardiac output (CO). Decreased filling of the ventricle will result in decreased stroke volume
the heart's inability to pump the blood forward is classified as systolic dysfunction. Systolic dysfunction primarily affects the left ventricle, because systolic pressure and tension are greater on the left side of the heart. When systolic dysfunction affects the right side of the heart, blood flow through the pulmonary circulation is reduced. The most common precipitating cause of systolic dysfunction is acute myocardial
Shock is a syndrome characterized by decreased tissue perfusion and impaired cellular metabolism. This results in an imbalance between the supply of and demand for oxygen and nutrients. The exchange of oxygen and nutrients at the cellular level is essential to life. When a cell experiences a state of hypoperfusion, the demand for oxygen and nutrients exceeds the supply at the microcirculatory level.
Classification of Shock
The four main categories of shock are * cardiogenic,: * hypovolemic, * absolute hypovolemia * relative hypovolemia * distributive: * neurogenic shock * anaphylactic shock * septic shock * obstructive
multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) target organs * cardiovascular dysfunction * lung dysfunction * gastrointestinal dysfunction * liver dysfunction * CNS dysfunction * Renal dysfunction * Skin dysfunction
Although the cause, initial presentation, and management strategies vary for each type of shock, the physiologic responses of the cells to hypoperfusion are similar.
Relationship of shock, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. CNS, Central nervous system.
cardiogenic shock shock occurring when either systolic or diastolic dysfunction of the myocardium results in compromised cardiac output either systolic or diastolic dysfunction of the pumping action of the heart results in reduced cardiac output (CO). Decreased filling of the ventricle will result in decreased stroke volume
the heart's inability to pump the blood forward is classified as systolic dysfunction. Systolic dysfunction primarily affects the left ventricle, because systolic pressure and tension are greater on the left side of the heart. When systolic dysfunction affects the right side of the heart, blood flow through the pulmonary circulation is reduced. The most common precipitating cause of systolic dysfunction is acute myocardial