Shampoos
SHAMPOO
BY MANEESHA .R
BSC PHYSICS
DEFINTION:
Shampoo is a hair care product used for the removal of oils, dirt, skin particles, dandruff, environmental pollutants and other contaminant particles that gradually build up in hair. The goal is to remove the unwanted build-up without stripping out so much sebum as to make hair unmanageable.
COMPOSITION: Shampoo is generally made by combining a surfactant, most often sodium lauryl sulfate and/or sodium laureth sulfate with a co-surfactant, most often cocamidopropyl betaine in water to form a thick, viscous liquid. Other essential ingredients include salt (sodium chloride), which is used to adjust the viscosity, a preservative and fragrance. Other ingredients are generally included in shampoo formulations to maximize the following qualities: * Pleasing foam * Easy rinsing * Minimal skin/eye irritation * Feels thick and/or creamy * Pleasant fragrance * Low toxicity * Good biodegradability * Slightly acidic (pH less than 7) * No damage to hair
Many shampoos are pearlescent. This effect is achieved by addition of tiny flakes of suitable materials, e.g. glycol distearate, chemically derived from stearic acid, which may have either animal or vegetable origins. Glycol distearate is a wax. Many shampoos also include silicone to provide conditioning benefits.
Commonly used ingredients: * Ammonium chloride * Ammonium lauryl sulfate * Glycol * Sodium laureth sulfate is derived from coconut oils and is used to soften water and create a lather. There was some concern over
BY MANEESHA .R
BSC PHYSICS
DEFINTION:
Shampoo is a hair care product used for the removal of oils, dirt, skin particles, dandruff, environmental pollutants and other contaminant particles that gradually build up in hair. The goal is to remove the unwanted build-up without stripping out so much sebum as to make hair unmanageable.
COMPOSITION: Shampoo is generally made by combining a surfactant, most often sodium lauryl sulfate and/or sodium laureth sulfate with a co-surfactant, most often cocamidopropyl betaine in water to form a thick, viscous liquid. Other essential ingredients include salt (sodium chloride), which is used to adjust the viscosity, a preservative and fragrance. Other ingredients are generally included in shampoo formulations to maximize the following qualities: * Pleasing foam * Easy rinsing * Minimal skin/eye irritation * Feels thick and/or creamy * Pleasant fragrance * Low toxicity * Good biodegradability * Slightly acidic (pH less than 7) * No damage to hair
Many shampoos are pearlescent. This effect is achieved by addition of tiny flakes of suitable materials, e.g. glycol distearate, chemically derived from stearic acid, which may have either animal or vegetable origins. Glycol distearate is a wax. Many shampoos also include silicone to provide conditioning benefits.
Commonly used ingredients: * Ammonium chloride * Ammonium lauryl sulfate * Glycol * Sodium laureth sulfate is derived from coconut oils and is used to soften water and create a lather. There was some concern over