Preview

Second Order Information

Better Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1480 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Second Order Information
Anthrcul101 Sec 033
First Writing Assignment
PROMPT 1:
In her chapter “How Do You Know”, Ilana Gershon introduces the concept of second order information. Second order information refers to the conjecture of the background information or concealed meaning of a communicated message. The communicated message’s phrases are analyzed beyond their initial literal meanings in order to decipher any expectations or intentions the message may deliver. Various mediums of communication allow for different ways to interpret second order information and new communicative technologies produce new ways to incorporate second order information into daily communication. Even seemingly insignificant details such as mispronouncing words or spelling and grammar errors can make a considerable difference in the interpretation of a message. Second order information plays a vital role in how messages are written or interpreted. People often struggle to use the correct words while communicating with others. With the addition of second order information, people must furthermore incorporate how the message recipient will interpret the message. Instances of second order information abound in daily life. Friends’ texting or chatting with each other often includes inside jokes or phrases that are significant to only a few people. An employee who received a positive job performance review may try to read between the lines of the report to discover how he can improve. One instance when second order information influenced how I interpreted a message was when I was a part of my high school tennis team. My coach was often hard on us when we would lose a match. However, I often felt that he was much harder on me than on my teammates because he did not compliment me as much as he did for my teammates. He often said things like “you can do better” or “that’s not good enough”. For a while I thought this was unfair and I expressed my discontent in a private meeting with my coach. We had a conversation



Cited: Bourgois, Philippe 2003 Violating Apartheid in the United States. San Francisco, CA: Cambridge University Press Koff, Clea 2004 The Bone Woman. New York, NY: Random House Trade Paperbacks

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Powerful Essays

    According to Gershon, second-order information is defined as “Not what is actually said but rather the background knowledge of a situation and expectations of communication that allows one to interpret words.” (2010: 123) Second-order information is extremely malleable because, depending on the context that it is in, its meaning can change entirely. That’s why second order-information is so important to pay attention to and understand, especially if the stakes of misinterpreting it are high, as you will see in the following two examples.…

    • 1934 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Michael Argyle developed the theory of the communication cycle, in this theory there a six stages which are to happen. The six stages are: the idea occurs, message coded, message sent, message received, message decoded and finally message understood. This theory does not apply when you are in a group conversation and is only used when you are in a one to one conversation which is between you and one other person. The idea occurs is the first stage of this cycle, this is where you think of an idea to speak to the person about a certain subject and have thought about a subject you want to talk to them about. The second stage of this cycle is message coded, this is when you have thought about your idea and you are now deciding on how you are going to say your idea to the person in a manner which is appropriate to the type of conversation you will be having with them. The message sent is the third stage of this cycle, this is where you have spoken/ said your message to the other person, you will have said your message in the way that you think is appropriate for the conversation you are having and matches what you are saying. The fourth stage of this cycle is the message received, this is where the other person has listened to what you have said to them and received your message towards them. The message decoded is the fifth stage of the cycle, this is where the person who has received your message is now decoding what you have said and will now be processing the way you said it towards them with the tone in your voice and will have been looking at your body language and expressions to see whether the message they have just received is bad or good. The sixth and final stage of the cycle is the message understood, this is where the person has now understood your message and has fully translated and processed the way you have said it and the way you wanted it to come across. The other person will now be having an idea occur that they want to communicate back to you,…

    • 1000 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    | The interaction between the words that are written and how they trigger knowledge outside the text/message…

    • 870 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Given the number of ways a message can be perceived, the probability of distortion of a given message is high. Many factors other than the words and their definitions come into play during the course of a conversation. In reference to a verbal conversation being held between two people, discuss the terms paralinguistics, nonlinguistics, and…

    • 710 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    It is important to observe individuals reactions when communicating : as it informs me as to how they are feeling at the time. They may be upset and need reassurance, they may be confused and not understanding what is being said , they may…

    • 14473 Words
    • 58 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    History IA on Slavery

    • 1393 Words
    • 5 Pages

    To what extent did the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 weaken political unification between the North and South through 1865?…

    • 1393 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Nadine Gordimer

    • 862 Words
    • 4 Pages

    For Gordimer, Dr. von Leinsdorf’s apathy and inherent racism are manifestations of the rejection that characterized apartheid in South Africa. In her essay, “1959: What is Apartheid?”, Gordimer writes, “In all of a black man’s life, all his life, rejection by the white man has the last word. With his word of rejection apartheid began, long before it hardened into laws and legislation, long before it became a theory of racial selectiveness and the policy of a government.”…

    • 862 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Specialized communicators perform a vital part in the public eye, transferring complex messages in a reasonable and brief way to individuals who might somehow need to invest an unnecessary measure of energy finding this data for them. In addition to other things, specialized communicators are in charge of composing programming manuals and PC help frameworks, direction manuals for everything from machines to planes, and wellbeing related flyers and notices. On the off chance that this data is misconstrued - either through the deficiencies of the essayist or peruser - the outcomes can be…

    • 840 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Many people believe that they communicate better with those they have close relationships, where the reality may be that those communications may be worse due to “closeness communication bias” (Anonymous, 2011). Whereas these relationships allow for us to get comfortable with those we communicate with often and we tend to shortcut or loose the detail in our communications. Using hints or indirect saying or suggestions rather than asking directly or making a point directly assuming that based off of previous tendencies or actions the receiver of the communication will understand the underlying message. Rather more often than not the receiver really has several ways to take the communication.…

    • 881 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    The theories which Petersen has developed, thus presents as a means to introduce, and illustrate common communication pitfalls begins with the notion of what he calls “The Flat Brain Theory of Emotions” (p. 10). I translated this theory to be a means of understanding the common errors which take place when an individual’s combined thoughts, and emotions, fail to convey the message which they are attempting to impart upon whom they are communicating. The messages within the brain, get construed with the emotions which are give us sensations at the pit of…

    • 2043 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    References: Collins, C. & Yeskel, F. (2000). Economic apartheid in America: A primer on economic…

    • 4914 Words
    • 20 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    • Communicating information is more than just exchanging words. Just as in the definition of the word “beauty”, when communicating with a certain amount of eloquence it paints a mental picture that gives pleasure to our minds and wakes up our senses. The way words are used in the process of communication is what holds attention and causes an audience to become engaged. It's the beauty in a message and the expression in the words which we tend to remember. This is not to say that truth is not important in communication but mere stating mere facts may not be enough to get the point across or keeping the attention of an audience.…

    • 737 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    The success of every relationship whether it’s personal or professional relies on a person’s ability to communicate effectively. Becoming a skilled communicator requires learning the elements necessary for effective public speaking, interpersonal relationships, and business relations. The four basic elements of effective communication are sender, receiver, message, and feedback. The first component is the sender/receiver which acts as a transceiver by speaking to someone and receiving nonverbal feedback simultaneously. “The message is the idea, thought, feeling, or opinion to be communicated” (Cheesebro, O’Connor, & Rios, 2010, chap 1). It is important to recognize not only the content of the message, but also the nonverbal communication that you may be sending as well. “Feedback is the receiver’s response to the message and indicates how the message is seen, heard, and understood, and often how the receiver feels about the message and/or the sender” (Cheesebro, O’Connor, & Rios, 2010, chap 1).…

    • 923 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Theory of Communication

    • 608 Words
    • 3 Pages

    ‘communication cycle’ theory sets out to understand, explain and predict how communication occurs between people in one-to-one situations.…

    • 608 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Technology Synthesis Essay

    • 1003 Words
    • 5 Pages

    As technology grows the ways of communicating continue to become more effective. We have the ability to communicate through cell phones and the internet. The advancement in technology has invented the way of texting on a cell phone or using the social media on the internet. Lynne Truss, the author of The Joy of Texting, gives a great example of what texting is by saying “texting is a supremely secretive medium of communication-its like passing a note…” Using the example of passing a note is a great way of interpreting a text because no one knows what the text says and it…

    • 1003 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays