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sangam age

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sangam age
The Sangam Age

1. The Sangam age
a. Considered as landmark of history of south India.
b. Sangam is Tamil form of Sanskrit ‘sangha’ meaning association
c. So, it is a period when large volume of Tamil literature was composed by a body of Tamil scholars and poets in 3 successive literary gatherings called Sangam.(meaning confluence i.e. gathering of poets and bards)
d. It took place in 1st century BC and 2nd century AD in the kingdom of pandyas
e. First Sangam –
i. Attended by gods and legendary sages ii. Works are perished
f. Second Sangam –
i. Attended by several poets (produced large mass literature) ii. Only tolkappiyam by tolkaapiar has survived (oldest Tamil grammar book )
g. Third Sangam -
i. Attended by many poets (produced large mass literature) ii. Only fractions have survived (this fraction only constitutes the existing body of Sangam literature)
h. There were 3 kingdoms called Cheras, Cholas, Pandyas which were in war with each other (was found through the literary works). Their war and deeds form the themes of literature
i. According to these Cheras took the supremacy over the other 2 kingdoms
2. Sources
a. The primary sources of Sangam age is the vast corpus of literary called the Sangam literature
b. Archeological sources are the literary evidence
c. Literary
i. This is the period of great grammatical works like
1. Tolkappiyam (ten poems ) (pattuppattu)
2. Eight anthologies (ettuttogai)
3. Eighteen minor works (patinenkinalkinakku)
4. Epics ii. Tirukkural
1. Eighteen minor works (patinenkinalkinakku) are so called in the Sangam literature because the poems (they are moralizing in character) are shorter in form than the anthologies and poems
2. Important among these works are Tirukkural (also called as kural)
a. By tiruvallavar.
b. It forms the compound for dharmashatra, arthashastra, and Kamasutra.
c. It is the collection of Tamil couplets organized into 133 chapters .it is again divided into 3 sections

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