Revision
Expert systems
Define expert systems:
An expert system is an ICT system that emulates the decision making ability of a human expert. It uses artificial intelligence to make decisions based on data that is supplied in the forms of answers to questions.
Knowledge base – is a large store of knowledge about particular topics.
Interference engine – a set of rules that are used to make decisions
A user interface – presents questions on screen which the human answers.
1) Describe the advantages and disadvantages for the use of expert systems in health care. (5)
The advantages would be that they provide consistency, therefore consistent answers are provided for repetitive decisions. It is cheaper to use an expert system rather than having a human expert such as a doctor or consultant.
The disadvantages would be that it relies on the rules and knowledge base being correct. Any mistakes in these could give incorrect diagnosis. Can make absurd errors, if the data is incorrectly typed in then the wrong dosage of drugs can be given.
Advantages: 1) can store far more information than a GP 2) Computer does not forget or make mistakes 3) Data can be kept up to date 4) The expert system is always available 24/7 5) Never retire 6) The system can be used over long distances e.g. a network , therefore a rural area have access to experts 7) Provides accurate predictions with probabilities of all problems 8) Some people prefer the privacy of talking to a computer than a GP for example NHS website 9) Gives the doctor more time to deal with other patients therefore not an overload of patient 10) Provide you with a second opinion 11) Help to train young doctors in unfamiliar diseases 12) People can do an additional diagnosis from home without the travel costs , especially in rural areas where they have long waiting list
Disadvantages: 1) Over reliance of ICT systems 2) There can be a loss of doctors expertise
Define expert systems:
An expert system is an ICT system that emulates the decision making ability of a human expert. It uses artificial intelligence to make decisions based on data that is supplied in the forms of answers to questions.
Knowledge base – is a large store of knowledge about particular topics.
Interference engine – a set of rules that are used to make decisions
A user interface – presents questions on screen which the human answers.
1) Describe the advantages and disadvantages for the use of expert systems in health care. (5)
The advantages would be that they provide consistency, therefore consistent answers are provided for repetitive decisions. It is cheaper to use an expert system rather than having a human expert such as a doctor or consultant.
The disadvantages would be that it relies on the rules and knowledge base being correct. Any mistakes in these could give incorrect diagnosis. Can make absurd errors, if the data is incorrectly typed in then the wrong dosage of drugs can be given.
Advantages: 1) can store far more information than a GP 2) Computer does not forget or make mistakes 3) Data can be kept up to date 4) The expert system is always available 24/7 5) Never retire 6) The system can be used over long distances e.g. a network , therefore a rural area have access to experts 7) Provides accurate predictions with probabilities of all problems 8) Some people prefer the privacy of talking to a computer than a GP for example NHS website 9) Gives the doctor more time to deal with other patients therefore not an overload of patient 10) Provide you with a second opinion 11) Help to train young doctors in unfamiliar diseases 12) People can do an additional diagnosis from home without the travel costs , especially in rural areas where they have long waiting list
Disadvantages: 1) Over reliance of ICT systems 2) There can be a loss of doctors expertise