Preview

Review on Sectarian War: Pakistan’s Sunni-Shia Violence & Its Links to the Middle East

Good Essays
Open Document
Open Document
867 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Review on Sectarian War: Pakistan’s Sunni-Shia Violence & Its Links to the Middle East
Title: Sectarian War: Pakistan’s Sunni-Shia Violence & Its Links to The Middle East. Author: Khaled Ahmed
ISBN: 978-0-19-90-6593-6
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Pages: 369
Price: PKR.550
By: Syed Haider Abbas
The author of this book is Khaled Ahmed. Khaled Ahmed was in the Pakistan Foreign Service from 1969 to 1978. He left it to become a journalist of distinction in The Pakistan Times. He is a former consulting editor of Daily Times; resident editor of The Frontier Post; joint editor of The Nation and assistant editor of The Pakistan Times. He is a founder-member of Track-two Neemrana Dialogue between India and Pakistan. He is currently Director, South Asian Free Media Association (SAFMA), Lahore. He contributes regular articles to The Friday Times and The Express Tribune.

According to the author, the sectarian violence can be traced back since from the Mughal period and during the British Raj (by some extend) but was low in intensity as compare to sectarian violence that is been faced by today’s Pakistan since 1947. The British Raj was able to almost completely uproot the Sunni-Shia confrontation during the tenure from 1857 to 1947. During the movement for Pakistan, Shias & Sunnis struggled for a homeland with integration. After 1947, early government in Pakistan was in some way an extension of the secular state of the British Raj. But gradually, Pakistan became an “Islamic Republic” after Objective Resolution was passed and especially during Zia’s era.

The Pakistan Movement was not welcomed by the clergy (deobandi ulema) and decided to support Congress as they thought that Muslim League is also secular. After independence, however, these clergies came to Pakistan with their sectarian baggage.

Pakistan began to look for identity that All-India Muslim League had adopted to compete a secular party of All-India National Congress. Because of the early military conflict with India in 1947. Pakistani nationalism was revolving around Islam

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    2003 Apush Dbq Analysis

    • 1007 Words
    • 5 Pages

    One inevitable impact the division had on the people was perhaps one of the greatest refugee crises and migration in history. Over 10 million people moved between India and Pakistan. For the most part, the Hindus generally moved into the Indian subcontinent while the Muslims, who feared Hindu domination, migrated to East and West Pakistan. In Document 8 it shows that there were around 8.6 million Muslim refugees that migrated out of India into either East or West Pakistan. In addition to this extraordinary refugee crises, another effect the division of India had was border tensions. The tensions between the borders of India and Pakistan resulted in India being at the “receiving end of Pakistan’s heavy shelling” and “heavy bombing” (Document 9b). This shows that not only was there a large scale migration crises, there was also several attacks and possibly deaths and casualties from bombs. Also, in document 9a it that states that another effect of the division was that there were “two armed conflicts (in 1965 and 1999) and numerous clashes between Indian and Pakistani forces”. This highlights the various facets of the tensions and problems the division of India had on the Hindus and Muslims. It is inevitable that the division of the region greatly affected the people who lived there by causing the largest migration in human history, armed conflicts, and…

    • 1007 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Hindu Muslim Conflict

    • 453 Words
    • 2 Pages

    In 1947 Muslims forced partitioning of Pakistan which divided the country making a single Muslim homeland. This caused much violence between the two religions and many were killed on both sides. Gandhi stopped the violence by going on a hunger strike which led the Hindu people to stop fighting. The aftermath of the violence resulted in the assassination of Gandhi and the formation of Bangladesh.…

    • 453 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Train to Pakistan

    • 2058 Words
    • 9 Pages

    It is evident that Singh did not want to make this novel a political recount because he shies away from describing the political role of the British and the Indian people in much detail. However, to understand the novel’s progression, it is essential to examine the historical background. Singh bases his relatively short novel in the year 1947 in India; in other words, in the midst of the India Independence Act of 1947 which resulted in the dissolution of the British Indian Empire. Unfortunately, the British withdrawal did not lead to a unified, free India, but instead divided into two, struggling, newly instituted states of India and Pakistan. At midnight of August 15 of 1947, the two governments of India and Pakistan simultaneously declared independence, officially trying to separate Muslims from Sikhs. This violent divide between the two governments lead to the displacement of approximately 12.5 million men, women, and children and a death toll between several hundred thousand to one million. The violent nature of partition created an atmosphere of mutual hostility and suspicion that still hangs in the air between the two sides today. Singh, who was thirty at the time of partition, published one of the few first-hand…

    • 2058 Words
    • 9 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    The partition of India in August 1947 was a highly controversial event and has led to widespread speculation regarding its causes and consequences. Orthodox historians credit the creation of Pakistan to Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the leader of the All India Muslim League, and his determination to create a sovereign state for Indian Muslims. However, this view has been contested by a number of historians, who place responsibility for the partition on the political manoeuvring of the Congress and the constitutional reforms of the British Raj. Existing communal tensions and Hindu-Muslim differences have also been blamed for the split. Revisionist historians question whether Jinnah even wanted partition and have suggested that the 'Pakistan' demand was simply a bargaining counter to gain recognition for Muslims. I am going to analyse each interpretation of the event and question the true causes for partition.…

    • 2129 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Sectarian conflicts are complicated and cannot be separated from geographical, cultural, political and economic contexts. For instance, sectarian divisions could influence, or be influenced by, how people experience and react to global economic competition and domestic economic frustrations (for example, high unemployment among Saudi and Iranian graduates). Economic frustrations could deepen and exacerbate sectarian divisions, influencing the outbreak of violence and conflict. These factors lead us towards the possible “wildcard” of a major eruption of sectarian conflict in highly sensitive regions of the world such as Iraq, Pakistan or Northern Ireland, discussed in…

    • 4385 Words
    • 18 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    In the Line of Fire

    • 2451 Words
    • 10 Pages

    With the publication of his memoir, In the Line of Fire, Pervez Musharraf has virtually launched his campaign for the next presidential election due towards the end of 2007. Through the medium of this book he intends to convey to the people of Pakistan what he has accomplished for his country, and to the world community, how he has endeavored to counter the forces of extremism and obscurantism that have brought bad name to Pakistan.…

    • 2451 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Sir Syed Ahmed Khan expressed a belief that the Muslims were a separate entity from Hindus. It was not acceptable by Muslims that Hindus and Muslims can be one nation. Muslims were different in history, religion, civilization and languages. It did become important for the Muslims of India to establish a political party of their own.…

    • 987 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    1947 was the year Pakistan was founded. Pakistan was built to fulfill the needs of the Muslim community by providing them equality, justice and freedom. However, soon enough it failed to fulfill the promises it had made to its society thus instability, restlessness and wretchedness reigned throughout the nation.…

    • 581 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Nuclearization in South Asia

    • 13610 Words
    • 55 Pages

    Pakistan, including what is now Bangladesh, was created as a homeland for the region’s Muslim population. Violent conflict has been the most consistent aspect of relations between India and Pakistan since their formation. In the summer of 1947 approximately 10 million people rushed in opposite directions, Hindus and Sikhs from Pakistan to India, and Muslims from India to Pakistan. As many as one million of these people were killed as communal hatred erupted. Since then, India and Pakistan have fought major wars in 1947-48, 1965, and 1971.…

    • 13610 Words
    • 55 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Nadir Mir

    • 502 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Brigadier Nadir Mir, an ex-army officer and an emerging writer on the geopolitics in Pakistan, delivered an informative lecture at Bahria University Islamabad on 10th April, 2014 with reference to his recently published book ‘Geopolitik Pakistan’.…

    • 502 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Better Essays

    When British India was granted independence by the British Empire in 1947, partition was “In part because of the haste which the British withdrew there forces… a bloodbath…. Viscous Hindu-Muslim and Muslim-Sikh communal rioting, in which neither women nor children were spared, took the lives of hundreds of thousands’’ (Stearns, Adan, Schwartz, 1996, p. 464). The new task of setting out a national identity meant it was inevitable that the decolonisation would cause both sides to clash mainly on religious and cultural grounds. This problem had then furthered when India had partitioned into two states as the two ethnic groups would not coexist. Pakistan became an Islamic state, India secular and the problem, furthered into a mass exodus of Hindi and Muslim people into their respective states that “may have totalled 10 million people”. (Stearns, Adan, Schwartz, 1996, p. 464).…

    • 1047 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    While Pakistan continues to be a frontline state in the global war on terror, it is simultaneously fighting domestic terrorism in a war that will seemingly continue well beyond 2014. In recent months, terror attacks targeting the Shia Hazara minority in Baluchistan indicate a transformation of the terror problem in Pakistan. The Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and Lashkar-e-Jhangvi present two different sides of Pakistan’s terrorism problem, however, the two organizations have increasingly converged operationally to the extent that Pakistan cannot eliminate one without simultaneously confronting the other.…

    • 1326 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Better Essays

    History IA

    • 1968 Words
    • 6 Pages

    In this investigation I am going to analyze how the religious rivalry and fighting over Kashmir caused the first Kashmir war of 1947. I am going to look at how religious rivalry between Hindus and Muslims had built up prior 1947 in Kashmir and how it continued which consequently lead to a the first Kashmir war of 1947. In this investigation I will also analyze how and why the fight over Kashmir was a major reason towards the war in Kashmir and how the war had destroyed relationships between India and Pakistan during the conflict. Hindu-Muslim rivalry was a major problem in Kashmir as it was occupied by a Hindu Monarch, Maharaja Hari Singh who ruled to a majority of Muslims in Kashmir.1 This caused tensions as Muslim leader Muhammad Ali Jinnah wanted full occupation of Kashmir under Pakistan. One of my sources is to interview my grandfather who was present in India during this conflict and had strong knowledge of the events taking place as he spoke to soldiers from his village that had fought during the war. My other source is the book by Peter Lyon called “Conflict between India and Pakistan.” This is source from a well-known author who is the member of the US-based Kashmir group and had learnt about commonwealth countries in University. This book is more useful in this aspect as it has information that is in a lot more depth compared to other books about Kashmir.…

    • 1968 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Satisfactory Essays

    favorite personality

    • 329 Words
    • 2 Pages

    His insistence on this issue through negotiations with the British government resulted in the partition of India and the formation of the state of Pakistan on 14 August 1947. This occurred against a backdrop of widespread violence between Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs, and a vast movement of populations between the new states of Pakistan and…

    • 329 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
  • Good Essays

    Terrorism

    • 2840 Words
    • 12 Pages

    Muslim countries, after having achieved political freedom, when faced the challenge of reformation and reorganization of their respective internal systems, could show maturity in their vision and eminence of their thinking at a stage when both were needed much. And when the people of Islam themselves entered the arena of politics in the form of separate parties, religious and sectarian violence started assuredly. This condition emerged in Pakistan as well and got strengthened at the time of General Elections before the elections held in 1970. This was the first time when…

    • 2840 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Good Essays