Research Proposal: the Effect of Immediately Extrinsic Reward in Motivate a Student on Reading

The Effect of Immediately Extrinsic Reward in Motivate a Student on Reading In recent years, much research in education has focused on the concept of motivation (Ames & Ames, 1984, 1985, 1989). There are also many studies in the literature which have attempted to increase primary school student’s attitute toward reading (Dwyer & Reed, 1989; Healy, 1965). What arouse a primary school student to read is a very interesting issue. Many researcher also try to find out the stimulate that make a primary school student to read. Either parents or teachers also hope their children or their students can read more to improve their academic standard and mostly they will offer some rewards to motivate them. However, the use of rewards in educational as a way to improve children motivation is a controversial issue. Educational psychologists are also disputing whether school should use extrinsic reward to encourage children on reading. There is evidence show that it is a bad idea because when the reward disappears, the motivation of children to read also gone. In contrast, there is also evidence show that it is a good idea because the extrinsic reward can make the behavior to persist. According to incentive theory, external reward can motivate people to do certain things. Studies also show that when an action done and get rewarded at that time, the effect is greater. The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of immediately extrinsic reward in motivate primary school student on reading. An incentive theory define that our behavior is caused by the environment, external factor or stimuli. However, it does not mean that those factors will always motivate our behavior, only it will affect our behavior. This theory acts when an external stimuli serve as goals toward which pulls people in certain action. This theory can relate to Skinner’s reinforcement theory. According to Skinner, human behavior is under the control of external rewards. People do certain

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