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Research on Fgm
Bethani Ann DeLong-Vehapi Research Process 12/15/2010 Final Research Paper

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The negative effects of Genital Mutilation

Ridwan Shardow

Table of Contents

The negative effects of Genital Mutilation 2
History of FGM 4
Introduction 8
Main body 12 Physical effects 12 Psychological effects 15 social effects 17
Conclusion 19 Bibliography 21

Bethani Ann DeLong-Vehapi Research Process 12/15/2010 Final Research Paper

Abstract

“ ¹ The traditional custom of ritual cutting and alteration of the genitalia of female infants, girls, and adolescents, referred to as female genital mutilation (FGM), persists primarily in Africa and among certain communities in the Middle East and Asia. Immigrants in the United States from areas where FGM is endemic may have daughters who have undergone a ritual genital procedure or may request that such a procedure be performed by a physician. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) believes that pediatricians and pediatric surgical specialists


Bibliography: AAP policy, 1st July 1998, pp 153-156, policy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/pediatrics;102/1/153 (2) Dorkenoo, Efua (1994) , Cutting the Rose: FGM, the practice and its prevention, minority rights group, introduction (page 7-8). (3) Female-genital-mutilation- the facts,31st July 2008, http://socyberty.com/issues/female-genital-mutilation-1-history/ (4) Female-genital-mutilation- the facts,31st July 2008, http://socyberty.com/issues/female-genital-mutilation-1-history/ (5)History of female circumcision, 13th December 2005,http://www.mtholyoke.edu/~ehtoddch/politics/historyfgm.html (6) Hosken, Fran P. (1993), The Hosken Report: Genital and sexual mutiliation of females, women 's international network news, introduction (page 8)
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