Related Literature and Review of Related Studies for Fertilizer
Chapter II
Review of Related Literature and Studies
Related Literature
Polystyrene
Commonly known as 'Styrofoam' that is one of the most widely used type of plastics. It is a strong plastic created from erethylene and benzine that can be injected, extruded, or blow molded; making it a very useful and versatile manufacturing material. It is also a rigid, transparent thermoplastic, which is present in solid or glassy state at normal temperature. But, when heated above its glass transition temperature, it turns into a form that flows and can be easily used for molding and extrusion. It becomes solid again when it cools off. This property of polystyrene is used for casting it into molds with fine detail. Pure polystyrene polymer is colorless and hard with limited flexibility.
Polystyrene is hard and brittle and has a density of 1.050 g/cm3. It is represented by the chemical formula, C8H8. It have very low impact strengths of less than 0.5ft-lb. commercially available impact polystyrene grades can be obtained with values of 1.0 - 4.0 ft-lb. Generally, polystyrenes are not produced with greater than 15% total rubber because of polymerization processing constraints. Nevertheless, impact properties can be increased substantially without additional rubber by the proper control of rubber particle size, percentage of grafting, cross-linking, and percentage of gel. Flexural strengths for polystyrenes can be obtained from 5000 to 18000psi and are also decreased by the addition of rubber and other additives to the polystyrene. Elongations can be obtained from 1% for crystal polystyrene to 100% for some impact polystyrene grades.
Eggshells
The calcium carbonate is the one that gives egg shell its hardy strength - a common substance found in rocks. The team found that calcium carbonate made up almost 98 per cent of an egg shell. The remaining two per cent comprises proteins which act as the "cement" to hold the calcium carbonate together.
The organic matter of eggshell and shell
Review of Related Literature and Studies
Related Literature
Polystyrene
Commonly known as 'Styrofoam' that is one of the most widely used type of plastics. It is a strong plastic created from erethylene and benzine that can be injected, extruded, or blow molded; making it a very useful and versatile manufacturing material. It is also a rigid, transparent thermoplastic, which is present in solid or glassy state at normal temperature. But, when heated above its glass transition temperature, it turns into a form that flows and can be easily used for molding and extrusion. It becomes solid again when it cools off. This property of polystyrene is used for casting it into molds with fine detail. Pure polystyrene polymer is colorless and hard with limited flexibility.
Polystyrene is hard and brittle and has a density of 1.050 g/cm3. It is represented by the chemical formula, C8H8. It have very low impact strengths of less than 0.5ft-lb. commercially available impact polystyrene grades can be obtained with values of 1.0 - 4.0 ft-lb. Generally, polystyrenes are not produced with greater than 15% total rubber because of polymerization processing constraints. Nevertheless, impact properties can be increased substantially without additional rubber by the proper control of rubber particle size, percentage of grafting, cross-linking, and percentage of gel. Flexural strengths for polystyrenes can be obtained from 5000 to 18000psi and are also decreased by the addition of rubber and other additives to the polystyrene. Elongations can be obtained from 1% for crystal polystyrene to 100% for some impact polystyrene grades.
Eggshells
The calcium carbonate is the one that gives egg shell its hardy strength - a common substance found in rocks. The team found that calcium carbonate made up almost 98 per cent of an egg shell. The remaining two per cent comprises proteins which act as the "cement" to hold the calcium carbonate together.
The organic matter of eggshell and shell