Regeer
CHAPTER TWO
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS:
TABULAR AND GRAPHICAL METHODS
CHAPTER OUTLINE AND REVIEW
In Chapter 1, you were introduced to the concept of statistics and in exercise *6 of that chapter you were given a frequency distribution of the ages of 180 students at a local college, but you were not told how this frequency distribution was formulated. In Chapter 2 of your text, you were informed how such frequency distributions could be formulated and were introduced to several tabular and graphical procedures for summarizing data. Furthermore, you were shown how crosstabulations and scatter diagrams can be used to summarize data for two variables simultaneously. The terms that you should have learned from this chapter include:
A. Qualitative Data: Data that are measured by either nominal or ordinal scales of measurement. Each value serves as a name or label for identifying an item.
B. Quantitative Data: Data that are measured by interval or ratio scales of measurement. Quantitative data are numerical values on which mathematical operations can be performed.
C. Bar Graph: A graphical method of presenting qualitative data that have been summarized in a frequency distribution or a relative frequency distribution.
D. Pie Chart: A graphical device for presenting qualitative data by subdividing a circle into sectors that correspond to the relative frequency of each class.
E. Frequency A tabular presentation of data, which shows the Distribution: frequency of the appearance of data elements in several nonoverlapping classes. The purpose of the frequency distribution is to organize masses of data elements into smaller and more manageable groups. The frequency distribution can present both qualitative and quantitative data.
F. Relative Frequency A tabular presentation of a set of data which shows Distribution: the frequency of each class as a fraction of the total frequency. The
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS:
TABULAR AND GRAPHICAL METHODS
CHAPTER OUTLINE AND REVIEW
In Chapter 1, you were introduced to the concept of statistics and in exercise *6 of that chapter you were given a frequency distribution of the ages of 180 students at a local college, but you were not told how this frequency distribution was formulated. In Chapter 2 of your text, you were informed how such frequency distributions could be formulated and were introduced to several tabular and graphical procedures for summarizing data. Furthermore, you were shown how crosstabulations and scatter diagrams can be used to summarize data for two variables simultaneously. The terms that you should have learned from this chapter include:
A. Qualitative Data: Data that are measured by either nominal or ordinal scales of measurement. Each value serves as a name or label for identifying an item.
B. Quantitative Data: Data that are measured by interval or ratio scales of measurement. Quantitative data are numerical values on which mathematical operations can be performed.
C. Bar Graph: A graphical method of presenting qualitative data that have been summarized in a frequency distribution or a relative frequency distribution.
D. Pie Chart: A graphical device for presenting qualitative data by subdividing a circle into sectors that correspond to the relative frequency of each class.
E. Frequency A tabular presentation of data, which shows the Distribution: frequency of the appearance of data elements in several nonoverlapping classes. The purpose of the frequency distribution is to organize masses of data elements into smaller and more manageable groups. The frequency distribution can present both qualitative and quantitative data.
F. Relative Frequency A tabular presentation of a set of data which shows Distribution: the frequency of each class as a fraction of the total frequency. The