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Classical conditioning: aka Associational learning: conditioning=learning
Classical conditioning: learning that takes place when an originally neutral stimulus comes to produce a conditioned response because of its association with an unconditioned stimulus.
Pavlov and contiguity: contiguity: tempoeral association between two events that occur closely together in time. The more closely in time two events occurred, the more likely they were to become associated; as time passes, association becomes less likely.
Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) what can a UCS be. It can be any stimulus that creates an autonomic automatic/reflexive response in an organism.
Unconditioned response (UR): what cab a UR be. An Ur can be any unlearned response that can be elicited- caused- to be drawn out from an organism. Heart rate increasing, sweat, vomit,nausea, tears, fear etc.
Conditioned stimulus (CS): what can be a CS: anything that can be perceived (heard, smelled, felt, seen, and tasted), virtually anything can be paired up with a UCS to become a CS.
Anything that can be a UCR/UR can become a CR. The UCR/UR is Always the same as the CR, some purist will disagree with this, but for our intro psych purposes, this is true

Diagram of classical conditioning Unlearned S-R
UCS UCR
Loud Noise Fear/crying + (association formed/pairing made)
Rat or Rabbit Fear/Crying
CS CR Learned S-R

Pavlov’s dog example of CC Unlearned S-R
UCS UCR
Food presented dog salivating + (association formed/pairing made)
Bowl or steps Dog salivating
CS CR Learned S-R
Little Albert generalized his fear of rats into fear of anything with white fur, including a Santa Claus mask, a