Prepaid Energy Meter
1. INTRODUCTION
The sun is the largest source of renewable energy and this energy is abundantly available in all parts of the earth. It is in fact one of the best alternatives to the non-renewable sources of energy. Solar energy has been used since prehistoric times, but in a most primitive manner. Before 1970, some research and development was carried out in a few countries to exploit solar energy more efficiently, but most of this work remained mainly academic . After the dramatic rise in oil prices in the 1970s, several countries began to formulate extensive research and development programmes to exploit solar energy . One way to tap solar energy is through the use of solar ponds. Solar ponds are large-scale energy collectors with integral heat storage for supplying thermal energy. It can be use for various applications, such as process heating, water desalination, refrigeration, drying and power generation. Solar energy is an abundent and renewble energy source.the annual solar energy incident at the ground in india is about 20,000 times the current electrical energy consumption.the use of solar energy in india has beenVery limited .this is because solar energy is a dilute source(average daily solar energy incident in india is 5Kwh/m2 day)and hence must be collected over large areas resulting in high initial capital investment,it is also an intermediate enery source Hence solar enery systems must incorporate storage in order to take care of energy needs during nights and cloudy days.this results in further increase in the capital cost of such systems.one way to overcome this problem is to use a large body of water for the collegtion and storage of solar energy.this concept is called solar pond.
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2. SOLAR POND
1. A solar pond is a body of water that collects and stores solar energy. Solar energy will warm a body of water (that is exposed to the sun), but the water loses its heat unless some method is used to trap it. Water warmed by the sun expands and
The sun is the largest source of renewable energy and this energy is abundantly available in all parts of the earth. It is in fact one of the best alternatives to the non-renewable sources of energy. Solar energy has been used since prehistoric times, but in a most primitive manner. Before 1970, some research and development was carried out in a few countries to exploit solar energy more efficiently, but most of this work remained mainly academic . After the dramatic rise in oil prices in the 1970s, several countries began to formulate extensive research and development programmes to exploit solar energy . One way to tap solar energy is through the use of solar ponds. Solar ponds are large-scale energy collectors with integral heat storage for supplying thermal energy. It can be use for various applications, such as process heating, water desalination, refrigeration, drying and power generation. Solar energy is an abundent and renewble energy source.the annual solar energy incident at the ground in india is about 20,000 times the current electrical energy consumption.the use of solar energy in india has beenVery limited .this is because solar energy is a dilute source(average daily solar energy incident in india is 5Kwh/m2 day)and hence must be collected over large areas resulting in high initial capital investment,it is also an intermediate enery source Hence solar enery systems must incorporate storage in order to take care of energy needs during nights and cloudy days.this results in further increase in the capital cost of such systems.one way to overcome this problem is to use a large body of water for the collegtion and storage of solar energy.this concept is called solar pond.
1
2. SOLAR POND
1. A solar pond is a body of water that collects and stores solar energy. Solar energy will warm a body of water (that is exposed to the sun), but the water loses its heat unless some method is used to trap it. Water warmed by the sun expands and