Prentice Hall Ch, 02 Solution 2014 Individual Taxation
Chapter I:4
Gross Income: Exclusions
Discussion Questions
I:4-1 The IRS and the courts must interpret the tax law passed by Congress. The efforts of the IRS and the courts may result in broad definitions of certain exclusions. Such broad definitions may reasonably be termed administrative or judicial exclusions. Administrative exclusions are those that are developed by the Treasury Department and IRS through Regulation, rulings, etc. Judicial exclusions are the result of court decisions. p. I:4-2.
I:4-2 The tax law specifically excludes gifts from the definition of gross income. It is the position of the IRS that welfare benefits are gifts. Hence, such benefits are not taxable. p. I:4-2.
I:4-3 In Eisner v. Macomber, the issue was whether a stock dividend was taxable. The Supreme Court sought to define income and concluded that realization must occur before income is recognized. pp. I:4-2 and I:4-3.
I:4-4 Most exclusions exist for either reasons of benevolence (social generosity or sympathy) or incentive (the desire to encourage or reward a particular type of behavior). Exclusions for employee death benefits, life insurance benefits, and public assistance exist because of reasons of benevolence while the foreign earned income exclusion and the exclusions for certain employee benefits are intended to be economic incentives. p. I:4-4.
I:4-5 a. Income earned prior to the gift is taxable to the donor while income earned after the gift is taxable to the donee. b. The total tax liability can be reduced if the donee is in a lower income tax bracket than the donor. pp. I:4-4 and I:4-5.
I:4-6 a. Motive plays an important role. For a transfer to be a gift, it must be made for reasons such as love, affection, kindness, sympathy, generosity, or admiration. b. Tips are considered to be compensation for services. This is true even though generosity or other motives may be present. pp. I:4-4 and I:4-5.
I:4-7 The face
Gross Income: Exclusions
Discussion Questions
I:4-1 The IRS and the courts must interpret the tax law passed by Congress. The efforts of the IRS and the courts may result in broad definitions of certain exclusions. Such broad definitions may reasonably be termed administrative or judicial exclusions. Administrative exclusions are those that are developed by the Treasury Department and IRS through Regulation, rulings, etc. Judicial exclusions are the result of court decisions. p. I:4-2.
I:4-2 The tax law specifically excludes gifts from the definition of gross income. It is the position of the IRS that welfare benefits are gifts. Hence, such benefits are not taxable. p. I:4-2.
I:4-3 In Eisner v. Macomber, the issue was whether a stock dividend was taxable. The Supreme Court sought to define income and concluded that realization must occur before income is recognized. pp. I:4-2 and I:4-3.
I:4-4 Most exclusions exist for either reasons of benevolence (social generosity or sympathy) or incentive (the desire to encourage or reward a particular type of behavior). Exclusions for employee death benefits, life insurance benefits, and public assistance exist because of reasons of benevolence while the foreign earned income exclusion and the exclusions for certain employee benefits are intended to be economic incentives. p. I:4-4.
I:4-5 a. Income earned prior to the gift is taxable to the donor while income earned after the gift is taxable to the donee. b. The total tax liability can be reduced if the donee is in a lower income tax bracket than the donor. pp. I:4-4 and I:4-5.
I:4-6 a. Motive plays an important role. For a transfer to be a gift, it must be made for reasons such as love, affection, kindness, sympathy, generosity, or admiration. b. Tips are considered to be compensation for services. This is true even though generosity or other motives may be present. pp. I:4-4 and I:4-5.
I:4-7 The face