Pollution In The Sponge Iron Industry
Pollution in Coal Based
DRI
Summer Internship Project, 2012
Supervised by
Susmita Dasgupta susmita.dasgupta@hotmail.com 1
DRI, or directly reduced iron is a method of producing solid iron from iron oxide
2
Iron from iron ore can be
• In solid form
In solid form, iron ore can be 1. DRI produced in coal based kilns
2. HBI produced in gas based kiln.
3. DRI does not need coking coal at all.
• Or in molten form
In molten form iron can be produced in the
1. Blast Furnace, needs coking coal.
2. Corex , can use significant quantities of non coking coal but cannot do away with it totally. 3
DRI is preferred in India because of
1.
2.
3.
Small scale of production.
Access to iron ore.
Paucity of coking coal in India.
Between 2004-05 and 2009-10, the DRI production in India has increased by 24% as compared to only 8% for steel. For steel produced through the coking coal route, the production growth is only 5.5%.
• Source: JPC ,2011.
4
In India, 27% of all steel is produced through coal DRI
And 7% of all steel is produced through Gas DRI
And 20% is through the scrap route.
Source: JPC,2012
5
This means that the DRI segment is a vital constituency of the steel industry. 54% OF INDIAN STEEL IS THROUGH THE
NON BLAST FURNACE ROUTE.
SOURCE: JPC, 2012.
6
India is the world’s largest producer of DRI
India produced 28 million tonnes of DRI in 2010 as against 57 million tonnes of global production. Source: World Steel Association, 2012.
7
DRI is produced and consumed
locally; being unstable in composition, DRI cannot be exported out or transported over long distances.
Factories are located close to raw material sources 8
No wonder then most DRI plants are located in Odisha,
Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh,
West Bengal and Karnataka
Since they are rich in iron ore and coal.
Source: CSE, 2012.
9
Raw materials, partly coal, iron ore, fluxes enter the rotary kiln
DRI Process
Flue gas
Rotary kiln
= 2.5% Slo pe and 0.47 rp m sp e e d
Preheating
zone or
combustion
DRI
Summer Internship Project, 2012
Supervised by
Susmita Dasgupta susmita.dasgupta@hotmail.com 1
DRI, or directly reduced iron is a method of producing solid iron from iron oxide
2
Iron from iron ore can be
• In solid form
In solid form, iron ore can be 1. DRI produced in coal based kilns
2. HBI produced in gas based kiln.
3. DRI does not need coking coal at all.
• Or in molten form
In molten form iron can be produced in the
1. Blast Furnace, needs coking coal.
2. Corex , can use significant quantities of non coking coal but cannot do away with it totally. 3
DRI is preferred in India because of
1.
2.
3.
Small scale of production.
Access to iron ore.
Paucity of coking coal in India.
Between 2004-05 and 2009-10, the DRI production in India has increased by 24% as compared to only 8% for steel. For steel produced through the coking coal route, the production growth is only 5.5%.
• Source: JPC ,2011.
4
In India, 27% of all steel is produced through coal DRI
And 7% of all steel is produced through Gas DRI
And 20% is through the scrap route.
Source: JPC,2012
5
This means that the DRI segment is a vital constituency of the steel industry. 54% OF INDIAN STEEL IS THROUGH THE
NON BLAST FURNACE ROUTE.
SOURCE: JPC, 2012.
6
India is the world’s largest producer of DRI
India produced 28 million tonnes of DRI in 2010 as against 57 million tonnes of global production. Source: World Steel Association, 2012.
7
DRI is produced and consumed
locally; being unstable in composition, DRI cannot be exported out or transported over long distances.
Factories are located close to raw material sources 8
No wonder then most DRI plants are located in Odisha,
Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh,
West Bengal and Karnataka
Since they are rich in iron ore and coal.
Source: CSE, 2012.
9
Raw materials, partly coal, iron ore, fluxes enter the rotary kiln
DRI Process
Flue gas
Rotary kiln
= 2.5% Slo pe and 0.47 rp m sp e e d
Preheating
zone or
combustion