Policy Formulation
Process of public policy formulation in developing countries
Prof.Dr. Do Phu Hai, Faculty of Public Policy
Graduate Academy of Social Science (GASS), Vietnam
Abstract: Policy formulation clearly is a critical phase of the policy process which also is an explicit subject of policy design. The public policy formulation is part of the pre-decision phase of policy making including to craft the goals and priorities and options, costs and benefits of each options, externalities of each option. It involves identifying a set of policy alternatives and public policy tools to address a problem as a result that a prepared set of solutions is done for the final solutions from which decision makers actually choose by judging the feasibility, political acceptance, costs and benefits. But the attention to policy formulation is also embedded in work on policy communities and policy networks, who does the design? (see Chap 6, Studying Public Policy (Howlett, 2003)). On the other words, the formulation process will need the motivation and participation of different actors with their entrances of new actors and new ideas who will actually play their roles in the policy design process. In the context of developing countries, this paper aims to examine the model of policy formulation and the type of feasible solutions or options for resolving the policy problems. Thus, the structure of the sub-system with two components of the discourse community and interest network will decide the participation of different policy actors and final chosen public policy solutions.
Key words: public policy, formulation, sub-system of public policy, policy networks, policy communities The involvement of businesses and civil society - consumers, private entrepreneurs, employees and citizens and community groups, NGOs in designing public policy is critical if the Government of developing countries are to improve the transparency, quality and effectiveness of their policies as well
Prof.Dr. Do Phu Hai, Faculty of Public Policy
Graduate Academy of Social Science (GASS), Vietnam
Abstract: Policy formulation clearly is a critical phase of the policy process which also is an explicit subject of policy design. The public policy formulation is part of the pre-decision phase of policy making including to craft the goals and priorities and options, costs and benefits of each options, externalities of each option. It involves identifying a set of policy alternatives and public policy tools to address a problem as a result that a prepared set of solutions is done for the final solutions from which decision makers actually choose by judging the feasibility, political acceptance, costs and benefits. But the attention to policy formulation is also embedded in work on policy communities and policy networks, who does the design? (see Chap 6, Studying Public Policy (Howlett, 2003)). On the other words, the formulation process will need the motivation and participation of different actors with their entrances of new actors and new ideas who will actually play their roles in the policy design process. In the context of developing countries, this paper aims to examine the model of policy formulation and the type of feasible solutions or options for resolving the policy problems. Thus, the structure of the sub-system with two components of the discourse community and interest network will decide the participation of different policy actors and final chosen public policy solutions.
Key words: public policy, formulation, sub-system of public policy, policy networks, policy communities The involvement of businesses and civil society - consumers, private entrepreneurs, employees and citizens and community groups, NGOs in designing public policy is critical if the Government of developing countries are to improve the transparency, quality and effectiveness of their policies as well
References: Biggs, Tyler; Shah, Manju Kedia, 2006. “African small and medium enterprises, networks, and manufacturing performance” Binswanger, Han P.; Deininger, Klause. 1997. “Explaining agricultural and agrarian policies in developing countries, Volume 1” De Janvry, Alain, Dethier, Jean-Jacques, 2012. “The World Bank and governance : the Bank 's efforts to help developing countries build state capacity” Hai Do, 2010. “the Policy process in Vietnam: Critical roles of different actors”. Social Publishing House of Vietnam Hai Do, 2012. “Introduction to public policy”. The handbook for Master Students in Graduate Academy of Social Sciences, VASS, 2012. Joan Corkery, Anthony Land, and Jean Bossuyt, 1995. “the Process of policy formulation: Institutional Path or Institutional Maze?”, European Centre for Development Policy Management. 1995. Howlett and Ramesh, 2003. “Studying public policy”. Oxford University Press. Honahan, Patrick; Vittas, Dimitri, 1996. “Bank regulation and the network paradigm : policy implications for developing and transition economies, Volume 1” Rao Vijavendra, Sanyal, Paromit, 2009. “Dignity through discourse : poverty and the culture of deliberation in Indian village democracies” Thunradee Taveekan, 2010. “Policy Network and Local Governance: Evidences from Thailand”