Preview

What is Philosophy? according to Plato, Pieper, and Thoreau.

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
1286 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
What is Philosophy? according to Plato, Pieper, and Thoreau.
What is Philosophy?

Philosophy often appears to be one long debate regarding what it means to be human, what it even means to be. Does an individual become human or is that individual only that individual? How does being differ from to be? The fundamental capacity to understand the world outside the world of the individual and his or her internal world includes the ability to interpret, characterize, and associate what seems to be singular things or, at least, singular groups of things.

Understanding the process of being as compared to the process of becoming and distinctly separate concepts for Plato, Pieper, and Thoreau and are directly related to that capacity of understanding.

For Plato (384-322 BC), the physical things of the world must, of necessity, have bodily form. They must be both visible and tangible, yet their state of being-ness is not the same thing as their essence. Plato, through his stories of Socrates and Socrates views, began the debate that has served both as an intellectual argument and an effort to understand human existence for millennia. The 19th century philosopher and writing Henry David Thoreau (1817-62) In Walden, his account of an extended stay in the woods, he wrote that he wanted to follow nature 's example, to "see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived." And, for 20th century Catholic theologian Josef Pieper (1904-97), God 's role in the life of every individual and the cardinal virtues -- prudence, justice, courage, temperance, and love -- are the ways by which human beings understood truth. Pieper believed the natural world would reveal its truth if and when one had the proper attitude toward the divine. Clearly, from the most ancient of times to age only a century ago, humanity has sought to understand its place in the order of the cosmos and has predicated a great deal of its philosophical wonderings (and wanderings) on that search.

It is important to understand



Cited: Pieper, Josef. "Leisure: The basis of culture." (Chicago: St. Augustine Press, 1998). Plato. "Crito; Or, the duty of a citizen." Benjamin Jowett, trans. 04-12-02. [Online] Available at: http://plato.evansville.edu/texts/jowett/crito1.htm Thoreau, Henry David. "Walden." 04-12-02. [Online] Available at: http://eserver.org/thoreau/walden00.html

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    Written during the 19th century, while the movement of transcendentalism was developed and active, Thoreau considered himself a transcendentalist, influencing him to write this literary piece, and his thoughts and perspective of life within it. Targeting an attentive, intellectual, and mature audience, he describes his attitude toward life through composition of rhetorical methods, such as alliteration and metaphors.…

    • 498 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Plato was a dualist and so believed that human beings consisted of two parts- body and soul. This view is portrayed throughout Plato’s famous theory of the Forms of which he suggests that true substances are not physical bodies, but are the eternal Forms that our bodies are merely the imperfect copy. In his Theory he tells of a World of Forms representing knowledge, which he also names the ‘real’ world and the world of Particulars signifying opinions, the world in which we live in. The Forms come from a world of perfection which are illuminated by the Form of the Good which is at the top of the hierarchy and is the source of which the other Forms stemmed from.…

    • 994 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Final Paper PHL Kloke

    • 1583 Words
    • 4 Pages

    These larger questions of the soul and the mind and their existence beyond human death has been debated and explored throughout time. Yet, we lack hard evidence to support the idea of the existence of the soul and its continued ‘life’ beyond the death of the body. Individuals have not returned from the grave to transmit this knowledge in any manner that can be tested, studied, and deemed true. What a soul is and why we have it is unique to the human experience. The Abrahamic traditions defines the soul as the “I” that lives within our body and acts through it. The soul is what makes each individual unique according to theologian Thomas Aquinas. Noted philosophers Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle, all argued that the psyche or, the soul, was the “crown of the logical facilities”. Yet the mind is responsible for processing our human experiences and storing them as learned experiences that shape and mold our continued existence.…

    • 1583 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    This reading highlights Rahner’s quest for answers to a popular question, what is God? In the beginning Rahner focuses on humans innate curiosity. ‘The human spirit is characterized by an unrestricted drive…

    • 546 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Mind-Body Dualism

    • 892 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Humans seem to be an entity made up by a combination of both physical properties and mental properties. Folk psychology of soul proposed by Bering (2006) suggested “common-sense mind-body dualism” is a cognitive adaptation that evolved through natural selection. According to this quote, it is believed that individual is fundamentally constituted of body, mind and volition. For centuries, people have tried to discover what makes an individual from philosophical, psychological and physiological perspectives. At different stages of this knowledge in understanding human beings, behaviourism, humanism and the study of consciousness will be critically evaluated in this discussion.…

    • 892 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    A question that philosophers have been pondering for centuries is, what does it mean to be human? Is it to be happy, to desire or be miserable? It is one of the most famous and inexplicable question that is interpreted differently for each person depending on their experiences, beliefs and their values.…

    • 1905 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    “Let’s have class outside today!” Kids look forward to hearing this statement frequently in the springtime each school year; but why? It has been proven that children as well as adults learn more and at a higher level than normal when in a natural environment. Humans tend to observe and associate learned material with the natural surroundings. These people also relax and are readily available to intake more information as well as discover new facts about themselves. This is essentially the basis of transcendentalism. Transcendentalist writers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, as well as Henry David Thoreau and Walt Whitman, turn to nature as a role model to show people how to improve the quality of their lives by living simply, making the best of what they have, and refraining from passing judgment on others. By following nature’s example, people discover that being true to oneself is the key to living as nature does.…

    • 1080 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Transendetalism Paper

    • 809 Words
    • 4 Pages

    Transcendentalism, a literary, philosophical, and religious movement, rose in New England in the mid nineteenth century. Transcendentalism first started as a religious concept, then transformed to the ideas of American democracy and literature. This was the first distinctive movement for American individualism. Transcendentalists believed that this literature gave Americans the idea of nature being divine and the human soul as wise. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau are the epitome of Transcendentalist beliefs and were famous during this era of literature. Both men have a strong belief in human spirit and believe that people can control their own conscience. Henry David Thoreau’s mission of simplifying his life by living in the wilderness expressed a concern that was very common to Transcendentalists that contemporary life was demeaning the human spirit. In Henry David Thoreau’s journal, Walden, his quote, “I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front the only essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived” (Thoreau 237) shows the ideals of self-reliance, importance of nature, and free thought.…

    • 809 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Better Essays

    For example, nature has a big impact on the ones who decide to acknowledge its power and divinity. Ultimately, mother earth can console people by bringing them a new perspective towards life. In the poem, “Thanatopsis” by William Cullen Bryant, he conveys that death is not a frightful thing and explains that nature “has a voice of gladness [and also has a] smile and eloquence of beauty” (220. 4-5). For this reason, many people are able to witness the state of tranquility and contentment that is present in the natural world. This allusion personifies nature as not only the surroundings of a person, but something that they are truly connected to. It is evident that the truth comes from intuition and solitude, not God. Indeed, a life well-spent is when someone focuses on the life in front of them and realizes what nature has to offer. In the excerpt, “Nature” by Ralph Waldo Emerson, he states that “all natural objects make a kindred impression when the mind is open to their influence,” which explains the connection that humans have with nature and the sacrifice they must make to indulge themselves within it ( 241). Connecting with the environment allows a person to understand the beauty and extent of the world, rather than just focusing on a superior being. The affirmative feeling of Transcendentalists is that they are one with nature and one with the world. Instead of giving their faith to an over-seeking power, they take in the ideas and beliefs from all living things and incorporate them in making decisions based on their own personal experiences with…

    • 1070 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Better Essays

    The transcendentalist movement hit America full force by the mid 19th century, crafting a passionate spiritual idealism in its wake and leaving a unique mark on the history of American literature. Transcendentalism stems from the broader Romanticist time period, which depends on intuition rather than reasoning. Transcendentalism takes a step further into the realm of spirituality with the principle that in order to discover the divine truth that the individual seeks, he or she must transcend, or exceed, the “everyday human experience in the physical world” (“Elements of Literature: Fifth Course” 146). Nature, the physical world, is seen as a doorway to the divine world; beings can cross over into this divine world by not only observing nature, but also looking within themselves. As a result, individuality and self-assurance are seen as virtues, since they come from the heart of the individual. William Cullen Bryant and his poem Thanatopsis, Ralph Waldo Emerson’s The American Scholar, and Walt Whitman’s A Noiseless Patient Spider all display fundamental characteristics of Transcendentalism.…

    • 2561 Words
    • 11 Pages
    Better Essays
  • Good Essays

    Paper

    • 1362 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Transcendentalism was a literary movement in the first half of the 19th century. The philosophical theory contained such aspects as self-examination, the celebration of individualism, and the belief that the fundamental truths existed outside of human experience. Fulfillment of this search for a higher state of being came when one gained an acute awareness of the world and the truths it holds. To do this you must achieve an understanding of nature to reach an elevated state of spiritual existence. The two most prominent authorities on the philosophy are Ralph Waldo Emerson, “The Father of Transcendentalism”, and Henry David Thoreau. “Dreams pass into the reality of action. From the actions stems the dream again; and this interdependence produces the highest form of living.”( Anis Nin). Just as Anis Nin another Transcendentalist describes the ability for dreams to pass into reality. Emerson’s ideas embody the dreams of this quotation having enormous potential to change the world. But it is Thoreau who puts these ideas of Emerson’s into reality with his own perception of how the world should be perceived. By comparing Emerson’s “Nature” and “Self Reliance” and Thoreau’s “Walden” and “Civil Disobedience”, we can see the ideals of this philosophical movement in history and how one could not exist without the other.…

    • 1362 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Good Essays

    Plato, (2008). The Crito. Excerpted in F.J Church (Ed.) Plato to Derrida (sixth edition.). “Crito “ (pg. 38-46)…

    • 1362 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    Thoreau and Individuality

    • 1221 Words
    • 5 Pages

    It is difficult to obtain true individuality. People always make an attempt to define themselves and almost always find that the image of conformity seems more influential than individualism. Still, there is a minority of people that have a unique way of rationalizing their ideas and enforcing them, regardless of what societal stance is on the issue. Henry David Thoreau is best known for his independent thinking and controversial ideas. In his book Walden, he searches for and finds individuality. This is best shown through his perspective on the faults of man.…

    • 1221 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Powerful Essays
  • Good Essays

    Philosophy is defined in the dictionary as the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Recently Simmons has referred to philosophy as “knowledge of first causes or of the highest principles of things in so far as these causes or things belong to the natural, as opposed to the supernatural order.” (Simmons 1992 p.112)…

    • 552 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
  • Powerful Essays

    This paper is going to be over the philosophy theory that best describe me. I have choose the one theory that I feel best describe how I see my philosophy approach being based around. I have choose the theory of: Person-Centered theory. In this paper I am going to go over these theories, identify the skills that go along with each theory, and reflect on how it relates to myself.…

    • 1753 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Powerful Essays