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Phillip Morris

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Phillip Morris
UVA-F-478 Rev. 18 de Julio de 2005.

Philip Morris, Inc.: La adquisición de Seven - Up.
La decisión estaba tomada. Philip Morris, Inc. (PM) a través de su directorio haría una oferta para tomar el control de la compañía Seven-Up. Las dificultades y enredos de esta decisión palidecían, sin embargo, al enfrentarse a la siguiente pregunta: ¿A qué precio se debería hacer la oferta? Era la segunda mitad de abril de 1978, y enfrentando un mercado muy activo en fusiones y adquisiciones, PM reconocía la necesidad de una mayor velocidad y secreto en el desarrollo de su estrategia de compra.

Entorno.

Philip Morris, en 1977, estaba entre las 50 compañías de mayor tamaño en los Estados Unidos. Tenía ventas de USD 5,2 millardos y activos por un total por USD 4 millardos. En cada año, durante los últimos cinco años [hasta 1977], PM había alcanzado nuevos records de ventas y de utilidades netas, y a finales de 1977, sus acciones transaban a precios cercanos a su máximo histórico [Anexo 1]. Los analistas de Wall Street predecían que para el período entre 1977 y 1982 las ventas anuales de PM continuarían creciendo a tasas entre el 13 y el 14% anual mientras que las utilidades netas solo lo harían a tasas anuales de entre 12 y 13%. PM, fundada en el siglo XIX, se dedicó únicamente a la manufactura y venta de cigarrillos hasta finales de la década de los 60. En la década de los 60 emprendió una diversificación, que era en su mayor parte integración vertical, e incluía la manufactura de papel, empaquetado, y productos químicos usados en hacer los cigarrillos. A finales de la década de los 60, los primeros reportajes sobre los potenciales daños de fumar comenzaron a irrumpir en los medios de comunicación, y para los comienzos de la década de los 70, la publicidad de cigarrillos en la televisión fue prohibida. Esta serie de eventos impulsaron al directorio de PM a modificar su estrategia corporativa y considerar la diversificación en nuevas líneas de negocios. La experiencia de

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