nitrogen containing compounds
Other nitrogen containing compounds
Catecholamine:
Dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) are biologically active amines and are collectively called as Catecholamine.
* Dopamine and norepinephrine functions as neurotransmitters.
Outside the nervous system, norepinephrine and its methylated derivative, epinephrine regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
They are released from storage vehicles in the adrenal medulla in response to stress (fright, exercise, cold, and low levels of blood glucose).
They increase the degradation of glycogen, and triglycerides, as well as increase blood pressure and the output of heart.
Synthesis of catecholamine:
Catecholamine are synthesized from Tyrosine
•Tyrosine is hydroxylated by tyrosine hydroxylase (rate limiting step in the pathway) to form DOPA.
•DOPA is decarboxylated by DOPA decarboxylase (pyridoxal phosphate requiring enzyme) to form dopamine.
•Dopamine is then hydroxylated by Dopamine β-hydroxylase to give norepinephrine.
•Epinephrine is formed by N-methylation reaction using S-adenosylmethionine as a methyl donor.
Parkinson’s disease is caused due to the production of insufficient dopamine synthesis in brain…..
Degradation of catecholamines
The catecholamine is inactivated by oxidative deamination by monoamine Oxidase (MAO) and by o-methylation carried out by catechol-o-methyl-transferase (COMT) as the one-carbon donor.
-Two reactions can occur in either direction
-the aldehyde products of the MAO reaction are oxidized to the corresponding acids
MAO: Inactivates Catecholamine by Oxidative Deamination to Yield the Corresponding Aldehyde
COMT: Inactivates Catecholamine by Methylation using S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM)
MAO inhibitors: - found in neural tissue, gut and liver
Antidepressant
Act by inhibiting MAOs
-Resulting in increased availability of neurotransmitters allowing their accumulation in the presynaptic neuron and subsequent leakage into
Catecholamine:
Dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) are biologically active amines and are collectively called as Catecholamine.
* Dopamine and norepinephrine functions as neurotransmitters.
Outside the nervous system, norepinephrine and its methylated derivative, epinephrine regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
They are released from storage vehicles in the adrenal medulla in response to stress (fright, exercise, cold, and low levels of blood glucose).
They increase the degradation of glycogen, and triglycerides, as well as increase blood pressure and the output of heart.
Synthesis of catecholamine:
Catecholamine are synthesized from Tyrosine
•Tyrosine is hydroxylated by tyrosine hydroxylase (rate limiting step in the pathway) to form DOPA.
•DOPA is decarboxylated by DOPA decarboxylase (pyridoxal phosphate requiring enzyme) to form dopamine.
•Dopamine is then hydroxylated by Dopamine β-hydroxylase to give norepinephrine.
•Epinephrine is formed by N-methylation reaction using S-adenosylmethionine as a methyl donor.
Parkinson’s disease is caused due to the production of insufficient dopamine synthesis in brain…..
Degradation of catecholamines
The catecholamine is inactivated by oxidative deamination by monoamine Oxidase (MAO) and by o-methylation carried out by catechol-o-methyl-transferase (COMT) as the one-carbon donor.
-Two reactions can occur in either direction
-the aldehyde products of the MAO reaction are oxidized to the corresponding acids
MAO: Inactivates Catecholamine by Oxidative Deamination to Yield the Corresponding Aldehyde
COMT: Inactivates Catecholamine by Methylation using S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM)
MAO inhibitors: - found in neural tissue, gut and liver
Antidepressant
Act by inhibiting MAOs
-Resulting in increased availability of neurotransmitters allowing their accumulation in the presynaptic neuron and subsequent leakage into