mond's process
Extraction and purification of Nickel by Mond’s process:
Nickel is recovered through extractive metallurgy. Most sulfide ores have traditionally been processed using pyrometallurgical techniques to produce a matte for further refining. Recent advances in hydrometallurgy have resulted in recent nickel processing operations being developed using these processes. Most sulfide deposits have traditionally been processed by concentration through a froth flotation process followed by pyrometallurgical extraction
Nickel is extracted from its ores by conventional roasting and reduction processes which yield a metal of greater than
75% purity. Final purification of nickel oxides is performed via the Mond process, which increases the nickel concentrate to greater than 99.99% purity.
The Mond process, sometimes known as the carbonyl process is a technique created by Ludwig Mond in 1890 to extract and purify nickel. The process was used commercially before the end of the 19th century. It is done by converting nickel oxides
(nickel combined with oxygen) into pure nickel.
Spheres of Nickel made by
Mond’s Process.
This process makes use of the fact that carbon monoxide complexes with nickel readily and reversibly to give nickel carbonyl. No other element forms a carbonyl compound under the mild conditions used in the process.
In the first step of the process, nickel oxide is reacted with water gas, a mixture of H2 and CO, at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 50 °C. The oxide is thus reduced to impure nickel.
Reaction of this impure material with residual carbon monoxide gives the toxic and volatile compound, nickel tetracarbonyl, Ni(CO)4. This compound decomposes on heating to about 230
°C to give pure nickel metal and CO, which can then be recycled.
The figure shows the various steps of reaction in Mond’s process after reducing Nickel oxide to impure Nickel.
The impure nickel is reacted with excess carbon monoxide at 50–60 °C to
Nickel is recovered through extractive metallurgy. Most sulfide ores have traditionally been processed using pyrometallurgical techniques to produce a matte for further refining. Recent advances in hydrometallurgy have resulted in recent nickel processing operations being developed using these processes. Most sulfide deposits have traditionally been processed by concentration through a froth flotation process followed by pyrometallurgical extraction
Nickel is extracted from its ores by conventional roasting and reduction processes which yield a metal of greater than
75% purity. Final purification of nickel oxides is performed via the Mond process, which increases the nickel concentrate to greater than 99.99% purity.
The Mond process, sometimes known as the carbonyl process is a technique created by Ludwig Mond in 1890 to extract and purify nickel. The process was used commercially before the end of the 19th century. It is done by converting nickel oxides
(nickel combined with oxygen) into pure nickel.
Spheres of Nickel made by
Mond’s Process.
This process makes use of the fact that carbon monoxide complexes with nickel readily and reversibly to give nickel carbonyl. No other element forms a carbonyl compound under the mild conditions used in the process.
In the first step of the process, nickel oxide is reacted with water gas, a mixture of H2 and CO, at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 50 °C. The oxide is thus reduced to impure nickel.
Reaction of this impure material with residual carbon monoxide gives the toxic and volatile compound, nickel tetracarbonyl, Ni(CO)4. This compound decomposes on heating to about 230
°C to give pure nickel metal and CO, which can then be recycled.
The figure shows the various steps of reaction in Mond’s process after reducing Nickel oxide to impure Nickel.
The impure nickel is reacted with excess carbon monoxide at 50–60 °C to