models and approaches relate to client need, therapeutic context and aims and objectives of the therapy.
Through analysis and evaluation of models and approaches within counselling and psychotherapy therapeutic delivery, explain how models and approaches relate to client need, therapeutic context and aims and objectives of the therapy.
Psychotherapists will be educated in various different models and whether they are approaching a client through the concept of observing external behaviours, the Behaviourist approach for example in which a therapist will look to condition new behaviours, or through the idea of internal behaviour, such as the Psychodynamic approach and believing the unconscious needs to be divulged, the aim of all approaches is to enable the client to lead a positive and prosperous life, in the words of Carl Rogers, as a “Fully functioning person”. The models have introduced the idea of the individual being central to psychology. The Psychodynamic approach believes that (R. Gross (Hodder, 2010 ) “Much of our behaviour is determined by unconscious thoughts, wishes, memories and so on” and that these repressed thoughts can brought to the conscious though free association, dream interpretation and transference, this will then Neil Scott Gordon (2000) “ enable the person to deal more effectively with the demands of external reality.” This idea of repression is a major form of ego defence, which is an idea which can be seen throughout other models, Freudian or not. The main aim of this model can be summarised as follows, (Winicott, 1958) “to re-experience repressed feelings and wishes, which have been frustrated in childhood”, ‘with a new ending’. It is through the Psychoanalysis approach that individuals such as Rogers and Wolpe emerged. Both were trained in Freudian techniques but went on to develop ideas in other models, for example, Rogers is accredited as the major therapist of the Humanistic Approach. This approach is centred on the belief of the ‘Self’ and puts trust in the client to be self-understanding and develop self-awareness. Rogers
Psychotherapists will be educated in various different models and whether they are approaching a client through the concept of observing external behaviours, the Behaviourist approach for example in which a therapist will look to condition new behaviours, or through the idea of internal behaviour, such as the Psychodynamic approach and believing the unconscious needs to be divulged, the aim of all approaches is to enable the client to lead a positive and prosperous life, in the words of Carl Rogers, as a “Fully functioning person”. The models have introduced the idea of the individual being central to psychology. The Psychodynamic approach believes that (R. Gross (Hodder, 2010 ) “Much of our behaviour is determined by unconscious thoughts, wishes, memories and so on” and that these repressed thoughts can brought to the conscious though free association, dream interpretation and transference, this will then Neil Scott Gordon (2000) “ enable the person to deal more effectively with the demands of external reality.” This idea of repression is a major form of ego defence, which is an idea which can be seen throughout other models, Freudian or not. The main aim of this model can be summarised as follows, (Winicott, 1958) “to re-experience repressed feelings and wishes, which have been frustrated in childhood”, ‘with a new ending’. It is through the Psychoanalysis approach that individuals such as Rogers and Wolpe emerged. Both were trained in Freudian techniques but went on to develop ideas in other models, for example, Rogers is accredited as the major therapist of the Humanistic Approach. This approach is centred on the belief of the ‘Self’ and puts trust in the client to be self-understanding and develop self-awareness. Rogers
Bibliography: Neil Scott Gordon (2000). Researching Psychotherapy, the Importance of the Client 's View: A Methodological Challenge. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/QR4-3/gordon.html. [Last Accessed 28 May 2013]. Richard Gross, (2010). Psychology - The Science of Mind and Behaviour. 6th ed. : Hodder Education. Psychological Therapies. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.counselling-directory.org.uk/counselling.html. [Last Accessed 29/05/2013]. (2005). Compare and contrast two models of counselling: Client centered and psychoanalytic. [ONLINE] Available at: http://e-psychology.gr/psychotherapy/392-compare-and-contrast-two-models-of-counselling-client-centered-and-psychoanalytic. [Last Accessed 29/05/2013]. BACP (2010). Explanation of theoretical approaches. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.bacp.co.uk/seeking_therapist/theoretical_approaches.php. [Last Accessed 29/05/2013].