1.0 INTRODUCTION
MITIGATION BY GOVERNMENT TO RESOLVE THE ELEPHANT PROBLEMS
1.1 ELEPHANT
1.1.1 BIOLOGY
Asian elephants(Elephasmaximus) in Peninsular Malaysiabelong to thefamilyElephantidae. the population covering Asia area,such Myanmar, Sumatra, EastBorneo, Thailand, Malaysia, India andSriLanka. Elephantsaresocialanimalsthat usuallylive in groupsof threeto thirty. Everygroupis led bya dominant elephantfemaleadult.
Elephantis one of thewildlife species(other thanmonkeys,wild boarsand tigers) oftenenteragriculturalareasclose totheir habitat andcancause great damagetoagriculturalfields. Ithappens becausethe elephanthas lostits originalfood sourcehabitatsthat have been transformed intoagriculturalareas. For the example, most oil palm plantationareais forestedlowlandswhere itisprime elephant habitatin the country
1.1.2 BREEDING
Maturity level of an elephant will be achieved at the age of eight years for females, while males reach maturity at the age of 12 years. However, the rate of maturation depends on the diet and habitat. Female’s pregnant period is between 18 to 22 months. A study related to breeding elephants that have been conducted show that females will not breed as soon as they give birth. Females give birth only after a period of next four to five years. A female elephant can give birth to six calves in their lifetime. The life expectancy of an elephant can reach 65 to 75 years of age.
Cumulative numberof individualsin agroup ofelephantswas usedto estimate therate ofreproduction.Analysis ofthecompositioncan be usedto estimatethe proportion ofadultmalesandfemales. Inthickforestis verydifficult toidentify thesexof theelephant’sevenshort distances.However,several methodshave been usedto identifygenderasthe size ofelephant’s feetand ivory. MaleAsian elephantshaveivorywhichare usuallybig, while femaleshave no ivory. Some of amaleelephant also has noivory and it would know as "elephant meghna". Femaleshave aprojection ofthe front teethliketusks, known... [continues]
MITIGATION BY GOVERNMENT TO RESOLVE THE ELEPHANT PROBLEMS
1.1 ELEPHANT
1.1.1 BIOLOGY
Asian elephants(Elephasmaximus) in Peninsular Malaysiabelong to thefamilyElephantidae. the population covering Asia area,such Myanmar, Sumatra, EastBorneo, Thailand, Malaysia, India andSriLanka. Elephantsaresocialanimalsthat usuallylive in groupsof threeto thirty. Everygroupis led bya dominant elephantfemaleadult.
Elephantis one of thewildlife species(other thanmonkeys,wild boarsand tigers) oftenenteragriculturalareasclose totheir habitat andcancause great damagetoagriculturalfields. Ithappens becausethe elephanthas lostits originalfood sourcehabitatsthat have been transformed intoagriculturalareas. For the example, most oil palm plantationareais forestedlowlandswhere itisprime elephant habitatin the country
1.1.2 BREEDING
Maturity level of an elephant will be achieved at the age of eight years for females, while males reach maturity at the age of 12 years. However, the rate of maturation depends on the diet and habitat. Female’s pregnant period is between 18 to 22 months. A study related to breeding elephants that have been conducted show that females will not breed as soon as they give birth. Females give birth only after a period of next four to five years. A female elephant can give birth to six calves in their lifetime. The life expectancy of an elephant can reach 65 to 75 years of age.
Cumulative numberof individualsin agroup ofelephantswas usedto estimate therate ofreproduction.Analysis ofthecompositioncan be usedto estimatethe proportion ofadultmalesandfemales. Inthickforestis verydifficult toidentify thesexof theelephant’sevenshort distances.However,several methodshave been usedto identifygenderasthe size ofelephant’s feetand ivory. MaleAsian elephantshaveivorywhichare usuallybig, while femaleshave no ivory. Some of amaleelephant also has noivory and it would know as "elephant meghna". Femaleshave aprojection ofthe front teethliketusks, known... [continues]
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